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PEEEACE 



ENLA&GED AND IMPROYED EDITION. 

In collating for the press a Second Course of Exercises iu 
Latin, on u Ann's Method," from the text of Dr. Seiden- 
stucker's "Elementarbuch," it was found that a number of 
important elements had been only cursorily treated in the 
.First Course of that work, and that some indispensable 
detail had even been entirely overlooked. It has therefore 
been thought advisable to issue an entirely new edition of 
the First Latin Course, free from these defects, and calcu- 
lated at the same time to give the learner a more enlarged 
conception of the structure and genus of the language. 

In the present edition, the elementary principles will 
be developed more in detail and more consecutively, the 
transitions will be less abrupt, and whilst everything 
essential to sound scholarship will be treated seriatim, the 
learner will not be required to construe entire passages 
from the classic authors, until some degree of acquaintance 
with the vocabulary and inflexions of the language has been 
attained. 

Many practical teachers have objected to Dr. Seiden- 
stucker's work, on the grounds that it is deficient in purely 



IV PBEFACE. 

classic examples of the syntactical rules ; in this respect 
also the advanced exercises of the present series will leave 
nothing to be desired 

The First Course consists chiefly of exercises in the con- 
struction of sentences, containing simple verbal forms only ; 
illustrating the usages of Latin words that frequently occur ; 
and is designed to enable learners to begin reading and 
writing Latin from the first lesson, without any previous 
acquaintance with either the vocabulary or accidence. 

One of the Editors of the "Eton Latin Grammar " re- 
marks, " The pupil's first attempts should be extremely 
literal ; so literal indeed, that word should be strictly ren- 
dered for word, so far as the difference of idiom will allow." 
"There are," he likewise observes, " some fragments of 
composition less complicated than others, on account of the 
shortness of the sentences and the simplicity of style, and 
a collection of detached phrases of this description for the 
exercise of learners, is a good method of introducing them 
to the practice of the language. " The present volume is I 
little else than a collection of such sentences arranged in I 
grammatical order, and consequently an amplification ofl 
what this writer virtually suggests 



AHN'3 METHOD, 



FIRST LATIN COURSE. 



ORTHOGRAPHY AND PRONUNCIATION. 
THE LETTERS. 

The Latin alphabet is the same as the English, but has no 
w, and h, y, % only occur in words originally Greek. In 
Latin there are 'five diphthongs, that is double vowels, 
which have each a simple sound ; these are <e, au, eu, 
ei y and cs. 

The letters in Latin words are pronounced exactly like 
the corresponding letters in similar syllables of English 
words. But generally, exceptions are inadmissible, hence 
the following usages :- — 

1. AS REGARDS CoNSOTTATTTS. 

C and G are always hard before a, o, u, and always soft before 
e, *> y. 

Ch has always the sound of k, 

S final has its hissing sound, thus^ & is pronounced iss, not is, 

2. AS REGARDS DlPHTHO^GS. 

JE and (E have the sound of e, 

Ai in the proper name Cains, and the verb aio has the sound of * in 
l&gh, under other circumstances the sound of a in made, 

Au has the sound of a in ball, 

Ei in hex and eia, has the sound of % in high, 

Eu in ceu, heu, heus, neuter, neutiquam, seu, and likewise when 
initial as in eurus, has the sound of u in tube, but in most other words, 
as meus fme-us), eu is not a diphthong, 

A 3 



6 ahn's method. 

Ui in cui and huic has the sound of i in £''a&, but in other words ttf 
is not properly a digrnph. 

With these exceptions, when two or more vowels occur together, 
each letter has its name sound, as in monuisti (mon-u-isti) ; when, how- 
ever, two vowels of the same name occur together, one is usually 
dropped, as Aaron pronounced d-ron* 



QUANTITY. 

The vowels of Latin words are either short, long, or 
common ; for example, o is short in the word os (a bone), 
long in the word cos (a whetstone), and common, that is 
sometimes short and sometimes long, in hoc (this). 

As regards pronunciation, a vowel that is short should 
he articulated somewhat more curtly than when it is long, 
that is the o of cos should have a broader sound than the o 
of os ; but, in reading prose, this rule is subject to the 
ordinary usages of English prosody. 

In the lexicons the quantities of the vowels are usually 
indicated by a mark thus, o, when long ; by a mark thus, 
J, when short; and sometimes by a mark thus, o, when com- 
mon. The vowel quantities will be noted in the same 
way, throughout the vocabularies of the exercises, unless 
they come under one or other of the following distinc- 
tions : — 

1. The vowels e and a, when final, are generally short, as in mensa, 
ante, and will only be marked when long. 

2. The vowels i, o, and u, when final are generally long, as in wart, 
domino, vultu, and will only be marked when short. 

3. The vowels in the terminations of dissyllables and polysyllables 
are mostly short, as in memam, puer, turns, honor 9 jucundus. With 
the exception of es and a few others, the English pronunciation of these 
terminations, in so far as regards prose, is not affected by the vowel 
quantities, consequently they will not be marked. 

4. The diphthongs ce, 02, au } ou, ei, being always long, are not 
marked. 

5. Vowels under a circumflex accent are long, as musd, ord. 

6. A vowel before two consonants or one of the doubles x, %, is 
generally long by position, as honestus, nix, and is not marked nnleea 
short. 



FIRST LATHS' COTTESE. 7 

7. One vowel before another is generally short, as in metis, and is 
not marked unless long. 

8. When a vowel does not fall under one or other of these rules, and 
has no mark in the vocabularies, it is to be regarded as common. 



ACCENT. 

As in English, every Latin word of two or more syllables 
is accented, that is, the stress of the voice must be thrown 
upon one particular syllable in accordance with the follow- 
ing rules :— 

1. "Words of two syllables have the accent on the first, as d~ciis, 
al'-tus, u'-nus. 

2. Words of three or more syllables are accented on the penult when 
that svllable is long, as in cla-ma'-fe t mo~ne'-re, au-dl'-re. 

3. When the penult vowel is short, the accent falls upon the ante- 
penult or third syllable from the end, as in reg'-e-re, om-riip' -ot-em } 
ex-cu'-blt-us. 



ORTHOGRAPHIC SIGNS. 

The Trema, a mark placed over a vowel, thus o, denotes 
that it does not form a diphthong with the vowel that fol- 
lows or precedes it, as in a'er (air). 

The Circumflex accent placed over a vowel, thus a, de- 
notes that a syllable has been dropped, as naviydrant for 
navig aver ant (they had sailed). 

The Grave accent placed over a vowel, thus e, denotes 
generally that the word i3 an adverb or conjunction, not a 
noun ; thus, the adverb solum (only) is written with the 
accent to distinguish it from the noun solum (the soil or 
ground). The circumflex accent is also used in this way ; 
the ablative case ord (by the shore) is accented to 
distinguish it from the nominative ora (a shore) ; so 
the genitive case exercitus (of an army) is written with 
a circumflex accent to distinguish it from the nominative 
exercitus (an army). All these marks are not, however, used 



8 



AHN S METHOD — PRIST LATIN COURSE. 



by the classic authors, most of them are employed merely 
to assist beginners. 

The comma, semicolon and other marks of punctuation are 
used as in English, only the note of admiration occurs 
less frequently in Latin. 



ABBREVIATIONS. 



act. Active. 

adj\ Adjective. 

adv. Adverb. 

aux. Auxiliary. 

conj. Conjunction. 

dem. Demonstrative. 

dep. Deponent. 

/. Fern mine. 
indec. Indeclinable. 

inf. Infinitive. 



interj. 


Interjection. 


interr 


. Interrogation 


irr. 


Irregular. 


m. 


Masculine. 


n. 


Neuter. 


neut. 


Neuter. 


p. 


Participle. 


part. 


Particle. 


pass. 


Passive. 


per/. 


Perfect. 



pers. Personal. 
plu. Plural. 
pres. Present. 
pron. Pronoun. 
reL Relative. 
rem. Remark. 
sing. Singular. 
sub. Substantive. 
subj. Subjunctive. 
v. Verb. 



For signification of the grammatical terms, see Parts of Speech, w 
Appendix, 



EXERCISES. 



l. 

Pater {mas.), a father, 
Mater (fern.), a mother. 
Prseceptum (?ient.), a precept. 
Puer {mas.) , a loy. 
Pueila (fern.), a girl. 
Vinum (neitt.), wine. 

.Remark. — The noun prccceptum, besides precept, answers to the 
English words rule, maxim, and commandment. 

2. 

Bonus (m.), Bona (/.), Bonum («.), good. 
Pater, mater. Bonus pater. Bona mater. Bonum 
pneceptum. Bona pueila. Bonum vinum. Bonus puer. 

Rem. — In Latin as in English, nouns are masculine, feminine, or 
neuter, and bonus, as well as all other adjectives, must agree with them 
in gender, hence the three forms, bonus, bona, bonum. 



Fratgr (m.), a brother. Soror (/.), a sister. 

Consilium \n.) } advice, counsel. 
Hem. — The English articles o, an, the, are not expressed in Latin. 
A father. The brother. The sister. A good brother. The 
pood sister. A good rule. The good boy. A good mother. 
Good advice. 

4. 
Malus (m.), Mala (/.), Malum (n.), bad. 
Bem. — The adjective malus stands also for evjtfy sinful, hurtful, ill" 



10 ahn's method. 

meaning, fraudulent, foolish, mischievous, weak, ugly, and poi- 
sonous. . . 

Malus frater. Mala soror. Malum consilium. Bona 
mater. Malum prseceptum. Bona puella. Malus puer. 
Bonum vinum. * 



Filius (m.), a son. Filia (/.), a daughter. 
Scamnum (n.), a bench. 

A bad son. The good daughter. A good bench. Mis. 
chievous advice. The good sister. A bad brother. The ugly 
boy. Poisonous wine. 

6. 

Magnus, a, um, large, great. 
Parvus, a, um, small, little. 
Longus','-a, um, long, tall. 

Parvus frater. Magnum prseceptum. Parva soror. 
Longuni scamnum. Parvus puer. Longa soror. Parva 
puella. Scamnum parvum. Pater magnus. 



7. 

Fanis (m.), bread. Aqua (/.), water. Saccharum (n.) f sugar. 

Rem. — In Latin, as in English, nouns signifying males are masculine, 
those signifying females feminine; but some inanimate objects are 
masculine, some feminine, and some neuter ; thus panis, bread, is mas- 
culine, aqua, water, feminine, and vinum, wine, neuter. (See Appendix.) 

Good bread. Good water. Good sugar. A tall brother. 
The little sister. The great boy. A small girl. A long rule. 
Bad wine. 

8. 

Est, is. 

Vinum est bonum. Aqua est mala. Panis est bonus. 

8oror est parva. Scamnum est longum. Pilia est bona. 

Prseceptum est magnum. Prater est longus. Saccharum 

est bonum. Magnus est pater. 

Rem. — The words of a sentence may sometimes be elegantly inverted, 
fcs magnus est pater, instead of paler est magnus* 



FIEST LATIN C0TTCSE. 11 

9. 



Callidus, a, urn. crafty, sly. 
Calidus, a, urn, hot, warm. 
Frigid us, a, urn, cold, cool. 



Industrius, a, um, industrious, 
Justus, a, um, just, considerate, 
Injustus, a, um, unjust, unreasonable. 

The brother is good. The sister is good. G-ood sugar. 
The boy is crafty. The girl is sly. Crafty advice. The 
water is hot. The wine is cold. The mother is considerate. 
The father is unjust. The daughter is industrious. 

10. 

V 

Et(<Km/.) f and. Ergo (conj.), therefore, consequently. 

Sed (conj.), but. Vel (conj.), ) 

Si (conj.), if. Aut {conj.), \ 

For extension of conj. and other abbreviations, see page 8. 

Panis et aqua. Pater, mater et films. Puer malus et 
puella bona. Prater est Justus sed soror est injusta. Puer 
est industrius, ergo puer est bonus. Si aqua est ealida, 
vinum est frigidum. Praeceptum callidum. Injustus est 
pater. Justa et bona est mater. Prater vel soror. Aqua 
ealida aut frigida. 

Rem.— Or is rendered by vel in connecting notions of a like kind, 
and by aut in connecting those that are unlike. 



11. 



Vita (/.), life. 
Locus (m.), a place. 
Exemplum (n.), an example. 



Via (/.), a road, way, or path. 
Saltus (m.), a grove or forest. 
Belluni (n.), war. 



Rem. — Nouns or names of inanimate objects ending in a are mostly 
feminine, those ending in us, masculine, and those ending in um, neuter 
(See Rem. to Ex. 7.) 

Pather or mother. Example or precept. The brother and 
sister. Wine, water and bread. A crafty boy and sly girl. 
The war is unjust. An unjust war. The bench is large, but 
the place is small. If the forest is small, the road is long. 
The water is cold, therefore the water is good. A good life 
is a long life. 

12. 

Plerumque (adv.), generally. J Seepe (adv.), often. 



Interdum (adv.), sometimes. 
Semper (adv.), always. 



Ssepius (adv.), oftener, very ofleiu 
Non (adv.), not. 



12 ahn's method. 

Aqua non est calida. Vinum non est frigidura. Scam- 
num non est longura. Soror non est industria. Prater 
interdum est malus. Via non semper est bona. Prsecep- 
tum plerumque est justum. Yita non semper est longa. 
Saltus non semper est magnus. Bellum non semper est in- 
justum. Pater est magnus, sed non nlius. Puella saepe est 
mala, sed scepius puer. 

Rem. — Non and other adverbs are generally placed before the words 
they qualify ; thus we say in English is not, but the Latin has non est t 
(not is). 

13. 

Multus, a, um, much, a great deal of. 

Probus, a, um, honest, upright, dutiful, moral. 

Improbus, a, um, dishonest, worthless, undutiful, immoral. 

Much water. A great deal of wine. The boy is not taft. 
The girl is not little. The sugar is not good. A mother is 
always just. A father is often unreasonable. Water is 
always good. The boy is very often undutiful. The girl is 
generally upright. If the son is tall, the daughter is little. 
The brother is always industrious, the sister not always. 

14. 
Hie, haec, hoc, this. Ille, ilia, illud, that. 

Hie locus, hsec vita, hoc exemplum. Ille saltus, ilia via, 
illud bellum. Ille puer est probus. Puer ille est impro- 
bus. Haec puella est callida. Illud scamnum est longum. 
Ille puer semper est bonus, sed hie puer semper est malus. 
Si hie puer saepe est malus, puella ilia semper est bona. 
Interdum hie puer est industrius, sed non semper. Ple- 
rumque vita proba, vita est longa. 

Rem. — The longest or most important word is generally placed either 
at the beginning or the end of a sentence. These positions likewise 
give emphasis to all words so placed. 

15. 



Gengrosus, a, um, generous. 
Durus, a, um, hard, harsh. 
S*verus, a, um, serious, severe. 



Albus, a, um, white* 
Purus, a, um, pure. 
Humanus, a, um, human, humane. 



Rem. — Place the words accented thus (generous) at the head of the 
Latin sentence (See Rem. to Ex. 14). 



FIEST LATI3 C0U11SE. 13 

The brother is generous. The sister is generous. The 
father is harsh. The mother is severe. The boy is crafty. 
That forest is large. A humane father. That road is gene- 
rally hard. Bread is generally white, but not always. That 
wine is not always pure. If a father is sometimes severe, a 
mother is generally just. The son is often industrious, and 
the daughter always dutiful. 



16. 



Sponda (/), a bed or couch, 
Nun tins (m.), a messenger, news, 
Grameru(tt.), grass, an herb. 

Bonus est nuntius. Hie 



Liber (m.), a book. 
w £quus (m.), a horse, 
Mel (n.)j honey. 

liber non est magnus. Ilia 



sponda non est longa. Equus albus ssepe est cailidus. Gra- 
roen illud est malum. Gramen malum non est bonum. Gra- 
men non semper est malum. Si vinum est malum, aqua 
est bona. Aqua est pura, et vinum est parum. Si hie 
equus est parvus, ille est magnus. Yia longa non semper 
via est bona. Mel malum. 

Eem. — In Latin a short word generally precedes a long one, hence 
monosyllabic nouns are generally placed before their adjectives, as mel 
malum, not malum meL 

17. 

Animal (».), a creature, an animal. 
Dominus (m.), a lord, master, or nobleman. 
Jus (n.), right, justice, the law ; also juice, broth, soup, or gruel. 
Rem, — The word animal in Latin signifies any living thing, and may 
imply a bird, reptile, or insect, as well as a quadruped. 

A great lord, A large animal. The animal is large. A 
horse is an animal. This animal is a horse. The soup is 
hot, but not good. Humane law is just law. If the law is 
not humane, the law is not just. This master is just, that 
unjust. An upright father is generally a good master. Ao 
harsh master is not always a severe father. 

18. 

Negotiosus, a, urn, active, full of business, busy. 
oriosus, a, um, inactive, at leisure, idle, indolent. 
Honestus, a, um, honourable, -righteous, honest. 
Contentus, a, um, content, contented, satisfied. 

Dominus probus est et honestus. Yita bona est nego* 



14 ahn's metiiod. 

tiosa. Plerumque pater negotiosus est contentus. Prater 
est negotiosus, et soror est negotiosa. Puella est negotiosa, 
sed puer est otiosus. Puer otiosus ssepe est improbus. 
Filius est contentus, sed filia non est contenta. Doininus 
severus non semper est durus. Si pater Justus est et gene- 
rosus, plerumque filius est probus. Equus animal est 
magnum. Hie bonus est dominus. 

Rem. — It is usual in Latin to separate an adjective from its noun by 
placing some other word between them, thus, ille bonus est dominus is 
more elegant than ille est bonus dominus ; and generally, a word that 
usually stands close to another, receives emphasis by being separated 
from it, particularly if placed near the end of the sentence. 



19. 



Concilium (n.) t a council. 
Mercator (m.), a merchant. 
Rex (m.), a king. 
Regina (/.), a queen. 



Mare (n,), the sea. 
Flos (m.), a jlower 
avis (/.), a bird. 
apes or apis (/.), a bee. 



Rem. — The word concilium means an assembly of counsellors, and 
also the place where they meet. Consilium signifies properly the 
deliberation of the counsellors, and the conclusion they arrive at, hence 
it stands for counsel, advice, discretion, design, plan, intention, and 
purpose. 

The White Sea is large. An indolent life is sinful. The 
merchant is active and upright. The queen is just and gene- 
rous. This bird is small. A bird is not always small. The 
bee is a small but industrious insect. That white herb is not 
a flower. The council is severe but humane. The advice is 
harsh but just. Good advice is generally harsh. A king is 
not always an unreasonable master. 

20. 

Meus, a, um, my, mine, 
Tuus, a, um, thy, thine, your, yours. 
Suus, a, um, his, her, hers* its, one's own* 
Kjus (indeclinable), his, her, its. 

Pater meus, mater mea, scamnum meum. Eex tuus 
bonus est dominus. Eegina tua proba est et generosa. 
Consilium tuum durum est sed justum. Films negotiosus 
est ejus. Filia negotiosa est ejus. Exemplum bonum est 



riKST LATIN COURSE. 15 

ejus. Apis et mel suum. Liber ille est meus. Hio 
panis est tuus. Scarnnum illud est suum. Hsec avis est 
ejus. Domimis suus. Contentus frater est meus, sed soror 
mea non est contenta. 

Rem. — The possessive pronouns meus 9 tuus, suus, are subject to the 
same conditions as adjectives, and agree in gender with, the person or 
thing possessed. (See Rem. Ex. 2.) 



21. 



Popiilus (/.), a poplar tree. 
Populus (m.), a people, populace. 
Ventus (?n ), the wind. 
Zephyrus (m.), the west-wind. 



Poena (/.), a punishment, 
Merces (/.), a reward. 
Laus (f), praise. 
Mors (/.), death. 



The wind is cooL The west^ wind is warm. My brother 
and my sister. Your people is contented. Your queen is 
severe, but not harsh. Your precept is just. The merchant 
and his son. The father and his daughter. The king and his 
council. Praise is my reward. Death is your punishment. 
The brother and his sister. The sister and her brother. The 
horse and its grass. That poplar-tree is mine. This flower is 
yours. That bed is his. One's own book. 

22. 

Alter, altera, alterum, other, another. 

Mfser, misera, miserum, wretched. 

Niger, nigra, nigrum, black. 

Pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum, beautiful, lovely, fine, pretty. 

Re:.i. — Some adjectives in er retain the e before the feminine and 
neuter terminations, in others the e is dropped. 

Alter locus, via altera, mare alterum. Hie flos est pul- 
cher. Hsec avis est pulchra. Hoc animal est pulchrum. 
Equus niger non est albus. Mare Nigrum, mare est mag- 
num. Jus nigrum interdum est bonum, sed non semper. 
., Hie liber est meus, alter tuus. Hasc puella est negotiosa, 
sed altera otiosa. Hoc prssceptum justum est, sed alterum 
injustum. Mercator improbus semper est miser. Mater 
dura plerumque est misera. Bex tuus* semper est miser, 
Bed regiua tua semper contenta. 

* 



16 AIIN'S METHOD, 

23. 

JEger, segra, segrum, sick, ill, ailing^ unwell, 

Piger, gra, gram, lazy, slow, dull. 

Liber, libera, liberum, free. 

Asper, £ra, erum, rough, rugged, rude, tart, bitter, 

A nigged place, a rough couch, tart wine. The boy is un- 
well, the girl is ailing, and the animal is sick. The white flower 
is lovely. That little bird is pretty. This animal is large 
and beautiful. My daughter is ailing, but not my son. Your 
sick mother. The girl is slow but not indolent. If the people 
is free, the king is free. A free people is not always con- 
tented. A beautiful girl is not always a good girl. An 
active life is a long life. 

Rem. — When two emphatic words occur in the same sentence, one is 
usually placed at the end, and the other at the beginning. (See Rem. 
Ex. 16). 

24. 

Homo (c. g ), a human being, man, woman, or person, 
Juvenis (c. g.), a youth, a young man, or young woman, 
Senex (c g.), an old man, or old woman. 
Princeps (c. g.), a prince, chief or principal. 

Rem. — Nouns marked c. g. (common gender) are both masculine 
and feminine; some of these nouns, however, as homo and %erux, are 
seldom used in the feminine sense. (For other examples, see Ap- 
pendix). 

Rex tuus princeps est Justus. Regina tua mulier est 
generosa. Prater meus juvenis estindustrius. Soror mea 
juvenis est proba. Senex dominus est severus. Mercator 
homo est niger. Homo niger ssepe honestus est et negotio- 
sus. Homo honestus plerumque est eontentus. Senex in- 
terdum est asper, interdum generosus. Homo ssepe est 
eontentus, sed non semper. Si hie juvenis est negotiosus, 
ilia est otiosa. Rex injustus, plerumque durus est homo. 
Bellum ssepe est justum, sed ssepius injustum. 

25. 



Vir (m.), a male, a 7nan, a husband. 
Mulier (/.)> a woman, a wife. 
Judicium (n.), judgment. 
Auctor (c. g.), an author, or au- 
thoress, a writer. 



Deus (c*. g.), God, a god, or goddess-. 
Parens (c. g.), a parent. 
Testis (c. g.), a witness. 
Nemo {e.g.), no one, nobody, 
Canis {c. g.), a dog. 



Rem. — The English word man is rendered by homo when an uniia- 



FIRST IATIN COURSE. 



17 



portant personage is referred to, and by vir when the individual is spoken 
of respectfully. Homo is also used when man means mankind in 
general, and likewise in speaking of a person disrespectfully, as — 
homo ille ingratus, that ungrateful fellow. 

Man is often unjust. Your king is a great man. The 
merchant is a dishonest man. God is great and good. The 
prince is an author. My brother is your parent. The 
messenger is a lazy fellow. Man is not always harsh and 
severe. Your father is a just and upright man. The queen 
is an active woman, and a dutiful mother. JSo one is always 
unreasonable or mischievous. My dog is a large and beauti- 
ful animal. This witness is an honest man, but the other is 
dishonest. 

26. 

Noster, nostra, nostrum, our, ours. 
Vester, vestra, vestrum, your, yours. 

Panis noster est albus. Via nostra est aspera. Nostrum 
scamnum est longum. Rex vester vir est magnus. Re- 

; gina vestra mulier est proba. Consilium, vestrum est 
bonum. Vester liber est parvus. Frater noster est auctor. 

' Hie canis est vester. Populus vester liber est et contentus. 
Deus est rex et pater noster. Avis vestra est parva, sed 
pulchra. Pater vester vir est honestus, et mater vestra 
mulier hones ta. Fiiius tuus juvenis est otiosus, sed tua 

I filia juvenis est negotiosa. 

Rem. — Your and yours, in addressing a single person, are rendered 
' by tuus ; and, when two or more persons are implied, by vester. (See 
. also Rein., Ex. 20, and likewise possessive pronouns in Appendix.) 



27. 



. Victoria (/.), Victoria. 
Albertus (m.), Albert. 
Monitor (m.), a counsellor. 
Pars (/.), apart. 



Fera(/.) | 



a wild'beait. 



Beliua(/.) 

Discipulus (m.),a pupil, or scholar. 

Liscipula (/.), a (female) pupil. 



Rem. — The term wild-beast may be rendered either hyfera or bellua ,• 
properly bellua signifies a beast, or brute, tame as well as wild, but is 
mostly used in speaking of animals in a state of nature. Fera is the 
feminine fcrm of the adjective ferus, savage, and implies anything wild. 
Whether animate or inanimate. 

B 3 



18 AHN*3 METHOD. 

Our master is severe. Your couch is rough. Our soup is 
black. The white flower is yours. The long bench is ours. 
This part is ours, that is yours. Our life is not long. A wild 
beast is sometimes large, sometimes small. A mischievous 
boy is generally a wretched scholar. A lazy girl is generally 
an indolent pupil. Yictoria is a just queen, and Albert an 
upright prince. An upright man is always an honest coun^ 
sellor. If the father is severe, the son is generally dutiful. 

28. 

Bes (/.), lathina or a/Fair f Cfvis ( c ' ^> a citizen > or #™* 

Negotium («.), J a mng 0r aj;air ' tryman. 



Philos6phus (m.), a philosopher. 
Philosophia (/.), philosophy. 



Miles (m.), a soldier. 
Gaudium (n.),joy, delight. 



Rem. — The noun res properly signifies something inert, but is often 
used in speaking of an act, and besides thing and affair stands for 
fact, circumstance, act* deed, substance, property, and is often used in 
making up compound expressions, as, res publica, the public affair, 
that is, the commonwealth, or state ; so res oratoria, a speech affair^ or 
an oration. Negotium is used in much the same way as res, but 
mostly implies action of some kind, and stands for matter, affair* 
enterprise* transaction, business, occupation. 

Res dura est bellum. Bellum non est negotium meum. 
Judicium tuum est justum. Judicium est severum, sed 
humanum. Discipulus industrius est gaudium meum. Hie 
testis vir est probus, et civis houestus. Erater meus est 
miles, tuus civis. Regina nostra est justa, ergo populus 
est contentus. Albertus princeps est negotiosus, et monitor 
honestus. Si homo non est honestus, monitor non est pro- 
bus. Philosophia plerumque, monitrix est mea. 

29. 

ager (m.), a field, land, estate. 
Soeietas (/.), a partnership, association, society. 
Legatus (m.), an ambassador, a lieutenant-general. 
Consols (c. g)< consort, partner, or colleague. 

Hvyi.—Consors signifies one that shares the same lot, and cqnsC' 
quently stands for a companion, equal, or associate. 

Your pupil is generally idle. The ambassador is often ill. 
A philosopher is always contented. Your brother i* an honest 



FIRST IATIN COtJllSE. 

Soldier. My colleague is an honourable man. Victoria is a 
considerate and generous princess. Albert is an upright 
prince, and a good citizen. Our estate is small, but yours is 
large. Your enterprise is just, but your design is crafty. 
This part is good, but the other is bad. If the law is bad, 
society is generally wretched. The law if righteous is a 
good master, but the law is not always righteous. 

30. 

Noxius, a, urn, hurtful, injurious, pernicious, noxious. 
San us, a., una, sane, healthy, sound, wholesome. 
JEgrotus, a, urn, sickly, unhealthy, diseased. 
Pretiosus, a, um, precious, valuable, costly. 

JIulta aqua est noxia. Panis niger non est noxius. 
Bonum judicium res est pretiosa. Homo ssepe segrotus est 
et miser. Yinum asperum plerumque est sanum. Prater 
meus aegrotus est, sed soror sana. Interdum vita nostra, 
res est aspera. Plerumque ventus est sanus, sed non 
; semper. Si hie puer semper est sanus, ilia puella semper 
est bona. Si mater severa est, filia plerumque est proba. 
Si pater est sanus, filius plerumque est sanus. Pater Justus 
et honestus, plerumque civis est bonus. 

Rem. — In writing Latin some attention will have to be paid to 
sound as well as sense, euphony being an essential in elegant latinity. 
A word ending witli a vowel often precedes another beginning with, 
one, but this should be avoided when practicable. Words having the 

fSanie terminations should be placed apart, and it will often be advis- 
able to place a short word between two lung ones., thus — eqvus animal 
est magnum sounds better than equus est magnum animal . (See uLso 

'Remarks, £x. 6, 8, 12, 18, and 23.) 



31, 



Cervus (m.), a stag. 
asinus (w.), an ass. 
Corvus (m ), a raven. 
Striithiocanielus (m.), an ostrich. 
Vulpes, is (/.), a fox. 



Prseceptor (m.), > a master or 
M agister (w.\ 3 teacher. 
IMagistra (/.), a mistress or 

teacher. 
Domina (/.), a mistress, a lady. 

Rem, — The word master, when a teacher is implied, may either be 
rendered by dominus, praceptor, or magister ; when used in the sense of 
employer, by dominus alone. Properly dominus signifies the master of a 
ho*;se ; whilst magister denotes a ruler or magistrate of any kind, 
"Whether of a state, bouse, or school, and ^nce stands for school- 
master^ tuto^ and teacher* 



20 AUK'S METHOD. 

The stag is a beautiful animal. The ostrich is a large but 
not a beautiful bird. The ass is generally lazy. The raveo 
is a small but crafty bird. My master is an old man, yours 
a youth. Your king is a generous master, but your queen is 
a harsh mistress. If the teacher is severe, the pupil is gene- 
rally industrious. My pupil is sometimes active, sometimes 
inactive. A just master is sometimes severe. If the mother 
is not healthy, the daughter is sometimes sickly. 



32. 



Instinctus (m.) 3 instinct. 
Cautus (m.), a song. 
Gradus (m.), a step. 
Pgcunia (/.), money. 



amicus (m.), a friend. 
arnica (/.), a (female) friend. 
Servus (m.) } a servant, or slave. 
Serva (/.), a (female) servant. 



Arnica mea est segra. Serva nostra mulier est negotiosa. 
Cantus parvus soope est pretiosus. Dominus probus pie- 
rumque est contentus. Gaudiuni purus est instinctus. 
Multa pecunia ssepe est noxia. Si filius est otiosus, filia 
est negotiosa. Si dominus est otiosus, plerumque servus 
est miser. Prater discipulus industrius est tuus. Gradus 
asper ssepe gradus est bonus. Servus meus est conten- 
tus, sed serva mea non est contenta. Vita nostra saepe est 
inisera. Rex tuus vir magnus est. 

Rem. — The auxiliary est, and all other verbs, may sometimes be ele- 
gantly placed at the end of the sentence. They are generally so placed 
when emphatic, unless euphony suggests some other order. (See Rem. 
Ex. 30.) 

33. 



Vitium (w.), a fault, vice. 

Obus (m.),food, meat. 
Potus (m.), drink. 
Plaga ( /.), a climate. 



Anus (/.), an old woman. 
Annus (m.), a year, a season, 
Tempfiries (/.), mildness, a season. 
atiuni (n.) } rest, leisure, idleness. 



Rem. — The word vitium signifies a corruption of the body or mind, 
in which acceptation it answers to the English word vice. But vitium 
likewise expresses anything that is wrong, hence it stands for flaw, 
blemish, stain, deformity, superfluity. Lastly, vitium implies anything 
that is done wrong, and in this sense answers to the English word 
fault. 

Idleness is a vice. Your fault is great. White bread is a 

wholesome food. Tart vrine is a wholesome drink. A hot 



FIRST LATIN COTJESE. 21 

year is not healthy. A cold climate is always healthy. Mild- 
ness is sometimes wholesome, sometimes injurious. If a man 
is wretched, the season is generally wretched. Your king is 
an old man, and your queen an old woman. If the teacher is 
indolent, the pupil is generally lazy. A severe judgment is 
often a just judgment. My master is satisfied, but my mis- 
tress is not satisfied. 

34. 

Medicamentum («.) \ med ><»™> ***»* a reme ^- 

Dfcmus (/), a house, home, or family, [courage. 

Virtus (/.), a virtue, quality ■, worthiness, ability, manliness. 

Rem. — Medicina is used in speaking of a remedy for diseases of the 
mind as well as the body ; medicamentum mostly in the sense of a 
compouud or drug. 

Virtus consors mea est. Domus mea vita esfcmea. Bel- 
lum longum est et pigrum. Virtus monitor est honestus. 
Aquapura bona est medicina. Domus tua est magna, mea 
parva. Puer piger, plerumque filius est improbus. Domus 
mea parva est, sed contenta. Medicina interdum bona 
est, interdum noxia. Si dominus est injustus, plerumque 
domus misera est. Gramen illud bonum est medicamen- 
tum. Servus noster piger est homo, et serva nostra ssepe 
segra est. 

35. 

Serenus, a, um, serene, fine, clear, calm. 
Splendid us, a, um, splendid, magnificent, bright, clear, gay. 
Gratus, a, um, agreeable, thankful, kind, grateful, pleasing. 
Ingratus, a, um, disagreeable, unkind } ungrateful, thankless. 

Manliness is always pleasing. My heme is my delight. 
The master is kind, but the mistress is unkind. War is a 
thankless thing. The sea is calm and bright. The west-wind 
is calm and pleasing. The merchant is an ungrateful fellow. 
Wine is a wholesome and agreeable drink. One's own house 
is a precious thing. The lieutenant-general is an agreeable and 
generous man. The old man is grateful, but the old woman 
xs ungrateful. The stag is a magnificent animal, and the 
Ofctrich a magnificent bird. 



22 AJIN 3 METHOD. 

36. 



Alius, a, um, 
Celsus, a, um, [ 



Lxcelsus, a, inn, [ J ' J J> 



Procerus, a, um. 



j 



Rufus, a, urn, reddish, hay. 
Doctus, a, um, learned. 
Nullus, a, um, none. 
Sobrius, a, um, sober. 



Rem. — -4Z£ws signifies height and loftiness in the common accepta- 
tion of these terms ; celsus involves nearly the same notions, but ex™ 
presses tht:in more elegantly ; excelsus denotes an excess of the qualities 
expressed by celsus ; procerus is likewise an elegant term for high and 
lofty, but implies slender, and is mostly employed in speaking of things 
that have length without breadth. The English adjective tall is ren- 
dered by longus or altus in speaking of both persons and things ; by 
celsus, excelsus, or magnus in speaking of persons only. Altus, be- 
sides high and tall likewise stands for deep, when depth in relation to 
height is referred to. Celsus ^ besides high and lofty, answers to straight, 
erect, exalted, high-spirited, proud ; and excelsus stands for noble, 
stately, and haughty. 

Domus mea est alta. Mare Nigrum est altum. Struihio- 
eamelus avis est alta. Discipulus me as puer est celsus. 
Rex yester princeps celsus est et splcndidus. Ilia populus 
alta est et procera. Equus rufus animal est pulchrum. 
Virtus excelsus est instinctus. JSTegotium illud in jus turn. 
est. Animal hoc parvum apes est. Preceptor meus vir est 
doctus. Bonus parens plerumque pater severus est. In- 
terdum vita humana misera est. Mercator homo sobrius et 
honestus est. Semper contentus nullus homo est. Vir 
probus et excelsus amicus est tuus. 

37. 

Impgrium (n.), power, government, empire. 

Imperator (m.), a commander, ruler, emperor, sovereign. 

animus (»».), the mind, intellect, soul, spirit. 

anima (/.), breath, existence. 
Hem. — Anima properly signifies the breath of life, the vital spark, 
or principle common to all created beings. Animus means the human 
soul, and likewise stands for instinct, or whatever bears analogy to the 
soul of man ; it likewise answers to heart or breast, when these words 
are used in English to express the human passions. 

The Black Sea is not deep. A haughty man is often 
wretched. The government is not always just. No sea is 
always calm and bright. Your emperor is a great and gene- 
rous prince. The human mind is not an instinct. The am- 



FIEST LATIX COURSE. 23 

bassador is an honourable and learned man. The brother is 
tall, but the sister is little. This medicine is black, but it is 
wholesome. My colleague is an agreeable friend, and an up- 
right citizen. If the sovereign is just, the people is generally 
contented. Our queen is little, but her empire is great. 

on 

i Ego, /. Xos, ive, us. 

Tu, thou, you. Yos, you. 

Alter ego. Ego et pater meus. Tu 1 et frater tuus. Nos 

' et mater nostra. Vos et soror vestra. Yinum aqua non 

. est. Avis parva non magna est. Equus albus non est 

( niger. Ager tuus pulcher est, sed meus est magnus. Meus 

equus rufus est, non niger. Si tuum scamnum est magnum, 

meuin est longum. Bonus amicus gaudium est meum. 

Temperies semper est grata, sed non semper sana. Si 

' imperator improbus est, imperium est improbum. Animus 

• gratus, plerumque animus est contentus. Ego 2 aut tu, 
frater meus airfc frater tuus. 

Rem. 1.- — The English personal pronoun you is rendered by tu> in 

• addressing a single person, and by vos when two or more persons are 
implied. (See Rem. Ex. 26.) 

(2) The first person is placed before the second in Latin, ego et tu, 
/ and you ; not you and I. 



Napoleon (w.), Napoleon* 
Eugenia (/.), Eugenia. 
Ceres (/.)> Ceres. 
Roma ( /.), Rome. 



39. 

^^^\acity^to,n. 

Insula (/.), an island. 
Dea (/.), a goddess. 



Rem. — Oppidum signifies a town of ordinary dimensions, urbs a 
city or capital; but, the Romans applied the term oppidum to every 
city and town except Rome. 

My teacher and I. You and your son. We and our 
daughter. Your master and you. The long bench is yours. 
.Ceres is a pleasing goddess. Eugenia is a stately lady-. 
J&ome is a large city. A lofty place is generally healthy. A 
splendid town is not always an agreeable town. Our island 
is small, bat its power is great. A little man is sometimes a 
great King. If the teacher is active, the pupil is often in- 
dustrious. A harsh counsellor is often a good friend. Na- 
poleon is a great ruler, and his empire is magnificent. 



24 ahn's method. 



40. 



Brgvis, e, short, brief. 
Crudelis, e, cruel. 
Fertilis, e, fertile. 
SteYilis, e, sterile, barren. 



utilis, e, useful. 
I null lis, e, useless. 
Mortalis, e, mortal. 
Immortalis, e, immortal. 



Rem. — Adjectives have generally three terminations, one for each 
gender, as bonus, bona, bonum ; but some have only two, one for 
the masculine and feminine, and another for the neuter. These com- 
monly have the masculine and feminine in is, and the neuter in e, as 
masculine, brevis, feminine, brevis, neuter, breve. (See Appendix.) 

Puer est brevis. Puella est brevis. Scamnum est breve. 
Liber bonus est utilis. Pes utilis est societas. Asinus est 
animal utile. Nemo semper crudelis est. Pera plerumque 
crudelis est. Animal crudele noxium est. Ventus non 
semper est inutilis. Homo inutilis est, si semper est otio- 
sus. Plerumque bellum est inutile, semper noxium. Ager 
meus est fertilis, tuus sterilis. Locus sterilis non semper 
est inutilis. Liber est sterilis, si non utilis. Usee pars est 
brevis, ilia longa. Pilia brevis mea est, sed films meus 
celsus. Homo mortalis est, sed Deus immortalis. 

41. 



Maritus, (m.), a husband. 

uxor (/.), a wife. 

Conjux (e.g.), a husband or wife. 

Judex (c. g.) f a judge. 

Fuga (/.), flight. 



Caelum (n.), heaven, the shy, wea- 
ther. 
Mundus (m.), the world, 
Palatium (n.), the court, a palace, 
Mensis (m.), a month. 



Rem. — The word husband is generally rendered by maritus, and 
wife by uxor ; but both words may be rendered by conjux, which is a 
more elegant but less homely term. In colloquial and also in a lofty 
style husband and wife are rendered by vir and mulier respectively. 

The weather is fine. The horse is a useful animal. War is 
always cruel. The husband is a sober man. The wife is an 
industrious woman. A cool month is my delight. The road 
is short but rugged. Society is always pleasing. The world 
is sometimes grateful, sometimes ungrateful. Life is some- 
times brief, sometimes long. A harsh judge is not a humanai 
judge. The sky is not always clear. The court is generally, 
agreeable, if the sovereign is agreeable. That poplar is tall, 
but the other is short. The mistress is generous, if the; 
master is generous. 



FIBST LATIN C0TJESE. 25 

42. 

Omnis, all, every. 

Cunctus, a, urn, all, the whole, entire, altogether, 

Totus, a, urn, all, the whole of, every part. 
universus, a, urn, all, the whole, without exception. 
Rem. — Omnis stands for all, when that word may be substituted for 
ei^ery, as omne bellura, all war, or every war. Cunctus is a contrac- 
tion of conjunctus {joined together), and is mostly used in speaking of 
8 whole made up of parts, as cuncla Ger mania, {all Germany) that 
is, all the states that constitute Germany ; cunctus senates {all the 
senate), that is, all the members of the senate. Totus is properly 
used in speaking of things indivisible, as tola vita mea {all my life, 
my whole life, or the whole of my life) ; tota dies {all day, or the 
whole of the day. Universus is an intensitive word, and is only used 
when all is emphatic, as universum studium meum {all my study, my 
whole endeavour, or my every effort.) 

Napoleon et totum palatium suum. Omne bellum cru- 
dele est. Tota insula fertilis est. Cunctus populus mi- 
ser est. Totum ccelum est serenum. Universus mundus 
1 gratus est et contentus. Totus hie mensis plerumque est 
frigidus. Yitium res est noxia. Res est excelsa virtus. 
Poena dura est poena crudelis. Praeceptum est inutile, si 
non est justum. Liber noxius est, si non est utilis. Ani- 
mus crudelis animus est malus. Yita sterilis est, si non est 
utilis. Locus sterilis interdum utilis est. Interdum judex 
Justus est, mterdum injustus. 

43. 



Donum (n.), } ... 

Mun as (n),S U!P/l ' 0tpreSent - 
Mensa (/.), a table. 
Hortus {m.), a garden. 



Latebra (/), a hiding place. 
Fames (/.), hunger. 
Veritas (/.), truth. 
Lignum {n.), wood. 



PcEM. — Donum is used when the word gift expresses a mark of bene- 
volence ; munus when gift means an interchange of friendship. 

A flower is a beautiful gift. Food is a harsh, money a stately 
gift. Every man is mortal. Every animal is mortal. This 
herb is a useful medicine. This table is small, but the other is 
large. Truth is a noble virtue. Hunger is a bitter thing. A 
foolish precept is a noxious precept. My whole life is 
wretched. The rugged forest is my hiding-place. My brother 
is tall, but my sister is short. Wood is generally hard, but 
not always. The \S *>le of our garden is fertile. 

G 



26 



AID) S lUlttOD. 



44. 

Facilis, e, easy, pliant, tractable, courteous. 

Difficilis, e, difficult, troublesome, rugged, rude. 

Fortis, e, strong, brave, hardy, courageous, poiverfuU 

Mitis, e, ripe, mellow, soft, gentle^ mild, meek. 

Turpis, e, shameful, disgraceful, base, vile. 

Nobilis, e, well-known, noted, renowned, noble, of high birth. 

Ceres dea est nobilis. Roma urbs nobilis est. Asinus 
animal est facile. Difficile negotium est meum. Res poena 
injusta est turpis. Omne bellum non est turpe. Hie liber 
facilis est et utilis. Amicus vir facilis est meus et probus. 
Rex tuus vir fortis est et humanus. Napoleon princeps 
nobilis et generosus est. Nostra insula nobilis est et fertilis. 
Hoc mite gramen utile est medicamentum. Vita otiosa, vita 
est turpis. Animus juagnus semper facilis est et serenus. 
Mitis plerumque populus miser est. Res imperium diffi- 
cilis. 

Rem. — Est and other forms of the verb to be are generally dropped 
in Latin, whenever the sense is not obscured by the omission; thus, 
res imperium est difficilis [power is a troublesome thing) may be 
more elegantly rendered, res imperium difficilis (a troublesome thing 
power), leaving the est understood, 



46. 



Mums (m.), 
Paries (m.), 

]\laceria(/.), } a wall. 
Macenes (/.), 
Mcenia (n.plu.), 
Nobllitas (/.), nobility. 



Nihil (or contracted, nil) («.), 

nothing. 
Quicquam (n.), anything. 
LImen (».), a threshold. 
Limes (/.), a boundary. 
Finis (m. or/.), end ov limit. 



Rem. — Murus means a wall of any kind; paries the wall of a 
house or other building ; maceria and maceries are different orthogra- 
phies of the same word, both signifying the wall of a garden or other 
enclosure ; mcenia is only used in speaking of a fortress, and properly 
signifies a fortified wall. 

Joy is a pleasing thing. Mildness is always agreeable. 
Nothing useful is pernicious. Idleness is a disgraceful vice. 
War is often useless. If anything is good, this is good. The 
horse is a beautiful animal. The ass is a useful animal. The 
wall is black and rugged. The boundary is a lofty wall. A 
garden is useful, if the wall is high. ^ One's own threshold 
is always agreeable. Life is a short Eight, death, the end. A 



ITEST LATIN COITBSE, 21 

/evere judge Is often an honest man. Nobility is sometimes 
useful, but not always. 

In this and succeeding exercises is and other words printed in italics 
are to be omitted in the Latin sentence. 

46. 

f who, which, that. 
Qui, quae, quod < he who, she who, that which, 
I what, as. 

Judex qui severus est, non semper est durus. Mater 
quse inter dum severa est, mater est bona. Animal quod 
magnum est, forte non semper est. Qui est otiosus, piger 
est. Quse ssepe est segra, misera est. Quod est bonum, 
plerumque utile est. Homo qui non est pro bus, non est 
honestus. Vita quae non est honesta, plerumque est 
misera. Amicus meus, qui est mercator, vir facilis est et 
gratus. Homo qui est eallidus, plerumque turpis est et 
improbus. Si filius est industrius, pater plerumque est 
contentus. Qui liber est bonus utilis est. 

Rem. — The relative is sometimes elegantly placed before its ante- 
cedent, as aui judex severus est, instead of judex qui severus est. 

47. 

Tyrannus (m) 9 a tyrant. 



Baculus (m.), 1 
Baculum (n.), >a stick, 
Bacillus (m.), J 
Annulus (m.), a ring. 
Natura (/.), nature, 
Spes (/.), hope. 



Tyrannis (/.), tyranny. 
Metallum (n.), a metal. 
Aurum (ra.), geld, 
Argentum (n.), silver, 
Ferrum («.), iron. 



Rem. — Baculus and baculum are different orthographies of the same 
•word, and belong to a class of nouns termed redundants, (See Ap- 
pendix.) Bacillus is a diminutive of baculus, and properly signifies a 
little stick, or cane. 

Your ring is pretty. Hope is a pleasing thing. A cane is 
sometimes useful. Gold is a precious metal. Iron is a use- 
ful, but not a precious metal. A servant who is dutiful is a 
good servant. A queen who is haughty is not a good queen. 
An enterprise that is useful is a good enterprise. He who is 
cruel is not humane. She who is harsh is not kind. "What 
is good is not pernicious. All nature is calm and bright. A 
tyrant is sometimes unjust, but not always. A stick that is 
long is not short. Every metal that is white is not silver. 

c 2 



28 Ailtf's METHOD. 

48, 

^m(conf), } als0 > andsoi9 > likewise > t0 <>, even. 

etiamsi (conj.), even if, though, although. 

Quamquam {conj.), though, although, however, how. 

Tamen (conj.), yet, at least, nevertheless, however. 

Quam (conj. and adv.), than, as, how. [sibte, 

Quam maxime (adv.), very much, very greatly, as (much) as pos- 

Equus piger est et tu quoque. Quam durus est dominus . 
Rex seger est et regina quoque. Discipulus quam maxi- 
me est industries. Yinum bonum est, etiamsi asperum. 
Princeps fortis est et generosus quoque. Saepius frater 
meus, quam sanus, seger est. Homo, qui est probus, est 
etiam honestus. Quamquam frater brevis est, tamen soror 
est longa. Si homo est miser, temperies etiam est misera. 
Quamquam films est otiosus, filia tamen est negotiosa. 
Puer crudelis est, puella crudelis est, et animal quoque est 
crudele. Prater meus est celsus, et soror mea quoque est 
celsa. Si dominus est facilis, servus etiam facilis est. 

Rem. — The English locution and so, with a form of the verb to he 
is rendered in Latin by etiam or quoque, without the verb, as et tu 
quoque Acerra (and so are you Acerra). Generally also and other 
particles, having the same power, may be rendered by etiam or quoque 
indifferently ; but et is very seldom found immediately preceding, or in 
close proximity to etiam, so when and and also occur in the same sen- 
tence, it will be safer to use quoque. 

49. 

Certus, a, um, certain, sure^ fixed, trustworthy. 
Incertus, a, um, uncertain, doubtful, inconstant. 
M6lestus, a, um, annoying, troublesome, unpleasant. 
"Vgnustus, a, um, graceful, amiable, fine, handsome. 
Invidus, a, am, envious, malicious, invidious. 
Invidiosus, a, um, envious, hateful, odious 

Kem. — Adjectives ending in osus imply full of, or in excess of the 
thing named, as invidus, envious, invidiosus, full of envy; these ad- 
jectives, however, have sometimes other acquired meanings peculiar to 
themselves; thus invidiosus signifies hated and envied, as well as envi- 
ous, or full of envy : so formidolosus, formidable 7 signifies both terrible 
and terrified. 

Every transaction is not annoying. A cruel prince is 
always bated. An envious mind is a base mind. Death is 



FIRST LATIN COTTRSE. 29 

certain, life uncertain. The slave, though troublesome, is 
dutiful. The tyrant is always as cruel as possible. The 
master is harsh and so is the mistress. My friend is graceful, 
and so is her sister. The table is useful and so is the bench. 
My brother is little,- and so am I. Your ass is slow, and so 
are you. The boy is lazy, and the girl too. , A man who is 
honest is likewise "contented. If the sovereign is courteous, 
the court is courteous also. Though the father is busy yet 
the son is at leisure. 

50. 

fe, ea, id, he, she, it, that. 

Is bonus est filius, qui probus est. Ea bona est mater, 
quae semper grata est. Id judicium est crudele, quod in- 
iustum est. Id quod 1 nigrum est, non est album. Homo 
qui probus est, is 2 honestus est homo. Via quao brevis est, 
ea grata est via. Consilium quod utile est, id bonum est 
consilium. Puella venusta, id est, 3 puella proba. Dominus 
noster, id est, Deus. Si ea quse venusta est, etiam est 
proba, ea puella est bona. Quod negotium est utile, id pro- 
bum est negotium. Id quamquam magnum, non est bonum. 
Illud est molestum, sed turpe alterum. 

Rem. — (1) Id quod, that which. The English pronoun that, when a 
relative, is rendered by qui, quae, quod (see Rem. Ex. 46) ; when a de- 
monstrative and followed by a noun, that is rendered by ilk, but when 
no noun follows, as in the example quoted from the text, then that put 
demonstratively may be rendered either by Me, ilia, illud, or is, ea, id, 
the latter being somewhat weaker and less emphatic than the former. 

(2) Is honestus est homo, he is a righteous man. In this and 
similar locutions the demonstrative (is, ea, id) is elegantly used, though 
redundant in English. 

(3) Id est, that is. This abbreviation (i, e.) will frequently occur 
throughout these lessons. Another common abbreviation, e. g, (ex- 
empli gratia, by way of example, or for instance) will be noticed when 
we come to treat of the prepositions. (See also Remark to Ex. 10), 



51. 



Gnus, a, irm, one, single, 
unTcus, a, um, only. 
Solus, a, um, only, alone. 
Primus, a, um, first, best, 
Tertius, a, um, third. 
Duodecimus, a, um. twelfth. 



Perlciilosus, a, um, dangerous, 
Vitiosus, a, um, vicious. 
Curvus, a, um, curved, crooked. 
Cams, a. um, dear, beloved, 
Scriptus. a, um, written, 
apertus, a, um, open. 



§0 AnVs method. 

Hem. — Only is rendered by unicus in such expressions as, an wily 
ccn ; under other circumstances, when only is an adjective it is ren* 
dered by solus. 

Our father, that is, God. Truth is the best philosophy. He 
is a good father who is severe. She is a handsome girl, who 
is good. It is a useful enterprise, but dangerous. A boy who 
is lazy, is a vicious boy. Bread is often dear. Dear bread is 
not always good. Your little friend is my son. My stick is 
long and crooked. One town is large, another small. An 
open mind is an exalted mind. The father is busy, but the 
son is alone. A man who is always idle is a wretched man. 

52. 

Bene (adv.), well, correctly, worthily. 

Male {adv.), ill, badly, indifferently. 

Longe (adv.), far, far off, by far, much. 

Multo (adv.), mnch, a great deal. 

Omnino (adv.), quite., altogether, wholly. 

Quidem (adv.), indeed, certainly, truly, undoubtedly. 

Ille homo est male sobrius. Nullus homo omnino est 
contentus. Non omnis liber bene scriptus est. Limes est 
apertus, et omnino sterilis. Rex longe" ssepius quam re- 
giaa seger est Puer multo ssepius piger est quam puella. 
Homo qui semper est otiosus, is quidem homo est miser. Is 
bonus 1 quidem diseipulus est, qui semper est industrius. 
Una tyrannis est mitis, altera quidem 2 omnino crudelis. 
Puer qui piger est, is non quidem nlius est probus. Is 
probus quidem judex solus est, qui Justus est et severus. 
Ille homo est nobilis, qui probus quidem et honestus est. 

Rem. — (1) Is bonus quidem diseipulus est, he is certainly a gooa 
pupil. Most adverbs admit of being placed at the head of a sentence, 
but quidem must always have one or more words before it. 

(2) Altera quidem omnino crudelis. another altogether cruel. Qui- 
dem in this sentence is an intensitive particle, and is often used, as in 
the text, merely to emphasise the other words. 

53. 

Terra (/•), \ theearth 7 an d ^bruarius (m.), February. 

Tellus ( /.), } the em th > land ' December (m.), December. 



Sblum (?i.), the soil, ground. 
Exercitatio (/.), exercise, practice. 
Ratio (/.), reason consideration. 
Ctiquus (m.)y a cook. 



Incuria (/.), carelessness. 
Negligentia (/.), negligence. 
Diligentia (/.), diligence. 
avaritia (/.), avarice. 



#xftST LATIN C0U11SE. SI 

Bem. — Terra means the globe we inhabit, and consequently stands 
for the earth, world, universe ; the same word, however, means also a 
section of the earth, and in this usage answers to country, province, 
land, territory. Tellus is properly the goddess of the earth, and is 
used metaphorically to signify the earth itself, and also land in contra- 
distinction to sea. Solum is the surface of anything, and stands for 
sole, floor, as well as ground and soil. 

The earth is our great parent. This land is open and quite 
barren. The land is generally pleasing, the sea disagreeable 
and inconstant. The soil is tractable and fertile. Every boy 
is not vicious. No book is wholly useless. Exercise is a 
wholesome medicine. Negligence is a troublesome companion. 
Truly avarice is a disgraceful vice. Certainly diligence is a 
useful virtue. Undoubtedly hunger is a good cook. Care- 
lessness is often dangerous. [Reason is not always a just 
counsellor. February is a short, December a cold month. A 
man who is idle is likewise wretched. Wine that is tart is 
not always pernicious. A harsh master is indeed a bad 
master. 



54. 



Tam (adv.), so, as much. 
Hie (adv.), here. 
lbi (adv.), there. 
ubi (adv.), where. 
Melius (adv.), better. 
aliter (adv.), otherwise. 



Valde (adv.). ? 
Adm6dum(LW)j ^h.very. 
Nondum (adv.), not yet. 
UtpOte (adv.), inasmuch, as. 
Kimis (adv.). ) . ■, 

Nlmium (adv.), \ t00 ' to ° much - 

Rem. — The adverbs valde and admodum, are nearly alike in power, 
but the latter, though weaker, is perhaps the more elegant of the two, 

Palatium est admodum excelsum. Servus meus est valde 
ssger. Filia mea est valde bene. Otium turpe est vitiuni 
et valde noxium, Tam miles est homo quam tu. Disci- 
pulus meus longe piger est nimium. Pecunia nimis multa 
saepe est periculosa. Ubi est prseceptor meus ? Ibi, ubi 
ille murus est, ager est meus. Hie, ubi bacillus tuus est, 
annulus est meus. Unus liber multo melius est scriptus 
quam alter. Nullus liber omnino est inutilis. Nullus 
locus est tam pulcher quam saltus. Erater meus nondum 
vir est valde doctus. Prseceptum si justum est utile, si 
aliter inutile. Consors meus dominus est probus, utpote 
vir est honestus. Soror tua valde est contenta sed frater 
tuus omnino est miser. 



32 ahn's method. 

55. 

Profundus, a, urn, deep, high, prof ound, insatiable. 

£cutus, a, urn, sharp, keen, acute, clever.. 

Clarus, a, urn, brilliant, illustrious, noble, admired, 

BSnignus, a, urn, beneficent, gracious, bountiful. 

Lacedcemonius, a, urn, Lacedemonian, Spartan. 

niiquus, a, um, uneven, disadvantageous, iniquitous, heartless, relentless 

Rem. — High and deep are rendered by alius, but unless depth in re« 
lation to perpendicular height is implied, deep is more commonly ren- 
dered by profundus. 

The sea is deep. The sky is high. My son is very ill. 
Every joy is too short. A great war is often an unjust war. 
Insatiable avarice is a disgraceful thing. No one is so indus- 
trious as my pupil. This book is not too difficult. An animal 
that is cruel, is a noxious animal. Praise is always agreeable, 
but not always useful. Our queen is a good and gracious 
woman. Napoleon the Third is a great and illustrious sove- 
reign. Nothing is so renowned as Spartan courage. If the 
merchant is not crafty, his mind at least is acute. A boy so 
lazy as you are, is not a dutiful son. 

56. 

Est, he is, she is, it is, there is. 

Est unus Deus. Est hie dominus ? Si homo est contentus, 
non est miser. Quamquam puella est pigra, tamen est 
proba. Si vinum est asperum, plerumque est sanum. TIbi 
aurum est, ibi saepe est vitium. Argentum est album et 
pulchrum, ferrum durum et utile. Si judex est durus, non 
judex est Justus. Quamquam mercator est acutus, tamen 
est probus. Si imperator est injustus ; non est princeps 
benignus. Quamquam Napoleon est severus, non est im- 
perator durus. Bellum res turpis est, si non est justum. 
Quamquam solum est sterile, tamen est pretiosum. Puella 
saepius est otiosa, quam puer, sed ea non est tarn mala quam 
ille. 

Eem. — When est or any other verb occurs in a sentence, the personal 
pronouns, /, you, he, she, it, there, $c. are usually understood in Latin. 
when however they are emphatic, or when there is a distinction im- 
plied, as in he is taller than she is, then the pronouns must be 
expressed. 



FIRST LATIN COTJESE. 



33 



57. 



Exul (e.g.), I ane3siU 
Exsul (c. g.), | 

Exilium (w.), ejre'fe, banishment. 
Taberna (/.), a hut 9 inn, shop. 
Veuia (/.), pardon, forgiveness, 
JEgntudo (/.), care, sorrow. 



Fortuna (f), fate, fortune. 
electrum («.), amber. 
Causa (/.), a cause. 
Globus (m.), a globe. 
Positio (/.), site, position, 
Hyacinthus (m.) y a hyacinth. 



REM.—Ejml and exsul are the same word, some writers insert and 
others omit the s. In like manner annulus is sometimes written with 
one n only. 

Is there an inn here ? Exile is a hard fate. An exile is 
generally wretched. Amber is a beautiful substance. The 
hyacinth is a very pretty flowes. Sorrow is sometimes use- 
ful. Forgiveness is a generous act. A reward is useless 
if not just. One's own house, even if a hut, is always pleas- 
ing. The reason is good if the cause is good. Though the 
master is severe, yet he is a good master. The girl is hand- 
some, if she is dutiful. Land is valuable if it is fertile. Our 
great parent, the earth, is a globe. A town is generally healthy, 
if the site is wholesome. A song is generally pleasing, if 
it is short. Though the bread is black, it is nevertheless 
good. 



58, 



Sat (adv.). ") , 

Satis («/£), J" "**- 
Fortasse (adv.), perhaps. 
Dum (adv.), whilst, until. 
Bts (adv.), twice. 
T6r (adv.), thrice. 



Unquam (adv.), ever. 
Nunquam (adv.) s never. 
Usquam (adv.), anywhere. 
Nusquam (adv.), nowhere. 
ubique (adv.), everywhere. 
iibicunque (adv.), wherever. 



Rem, — Sat is a contraction of satis, and is mostly used in aphorism 
andcohoquial locutions. 

Una plerumque segritudo sat est. Aqua satis est bona 
si pura est. Dum anima est, spes est. Hsec pecunia bis 
nimis est multa. Quod non est usquam, nusquam est. Si 
imperium est crudele, populus nunquam est contentus 
Deus est ubique, sed homo non est ubique. Quamquam. 
vinum est asperum fortasse est bonum. Non est homo 
usquam, qui est omnino vitiosus. Bonum consilium est 
pretiosum quamquam ingratum. Liber melius scriptua 
quam tuus nusquam est. Nullum gaudium unquam est 



AHN S METHOD. 



nimis longum. Bonus judex interdum severus est, durus 
nunquam. Ubicunque est aurum, ibi plerumque est vitium, 
Ter nobilis est ille homo qui Justus, probus. et honestus est. 

59. 



Mutabilis, e, changeable, mutabk. 
Immutabilis, e, unchangeable, 
Fidelis, e, faithful. 
Tristes, e, sad. 
Imbellis, e, unwarlike. 
MisSrabllis, e, pitiable. 
Communis, e, common. 



Salutaris, e, salutary, beneficial. 
Admirabllis, e, admirable, wonder- 
ful 
Lenis, e, mild, lenient. 
Liberalis, e, liberal, enlightened, 
Illibferalis, e, mean, sordid. 
Comis, e, affable, obliging. 

The dog is a faithful animal. Every animal is not faithful. 
Nothing is so wonderful as instinct. A man who is any- 
where is nowhere. JSTo vice is so pitiable as avarice. A 
servant that is faithful, is a dutiful servant. The girl is hand- 
some enough, if she is good enough. The sea is sometimes 
agreeable, but oftener by far disagreeable. Man is change- 
able, God alone is unchangeable. Sorrow is sometimes in- 
jurious, sometimes beneficial. Our queen is a kind and 
lenient woman. Every man is not hard and sordid. Your 
brother is an obliging and an agreeable companion. Napoleon 
the Third is an illustrious and enlightened sovereign. Al- 
though my friend is an unwarlike man, yet he is a very good 
citizen. 

60. 

alius, alia, aliud, other, another, else. 

uter, utra, utruin, which, which of the two, 

acerbus, a, um, unripe, bitter, disobliging, stern, 

Fc-rmiddlosus, a, um, timid, terrible. 

iracundus, a, um, given to anger, irascible, hasty, testy. 

M6deratus, a, um, moderate, frugal, well- disciplined. 

Uter est meus ? Alius est, ille meus non est. Unus homo 
est comis, alter acerbus. Mare ssepe est formidolosum. Soror 
tua est valde formidolosa. Medicina acerba interdum est 
salutaris. Fortuna tristis et miserabilis est exilium. Senex 
saepe est difficilis et iracundus. Si homo illiberalis est et 
invidus, plerumque est miser. Prasceptor meus vir probus 
est et doctus. Quamquam nostra regina est valde clara, 
etiam est valde benigna. Si do minus est iniquus, servus 
plerumque est imnrobu**-. .Hie annulus alter est, non est 



FIBSI LATIN COURSE. 



35 



mens. Haec avis est alia, non est mea. Hoc vinum est aspe- 
rum, aliud lene. TJnus homo est liberalis, alter illiberalis. 
Mors altera est vita. 

Rem. — Other and another may generally be rendered by alius or 
alter, but not always. When an English word has in this way two or 
more Latin equivalents, the learner will have to be guided in choosing 
Dne of them, by the examples of their use given in the text. 



61. 



Sbcius (m.), i 

Sddalis (e. g.),> a companion. 

Comes (c. g.), ) 

Poeta (m.), a poet. 

Dictator (m.), a dictator. 

Janitor (m.), a door-keeper. 

Scrip turn (n.), a writing, work. 



Contentio (/.), a straining, dispute. 
BrSvitas (/.), shortness, brevity. 
Auctorltas (/.)» authority, influx 

ence. 
Pudor (m.), modesty. 
JEdincium (n.) f an edifice, build* 

ing. 



Hem. — Socius like consors, signified a sharer in the same fortune, 
p ind besides companion, stands for intimate, adherent, ally, confederate, 
companion-in-arms, and accomplice. Sodalis signifies a companion in 
\ convivial sense, and answers to comrade, school- fellow, and also such 
familiar terms, as chum, crony. Comes properly means a fellow-tra- 
veller, but is equivalent to confidant, accessary, attendant, follower, 
ind likewise means a count or earl. 

Your brother is my schoolfellow. My attendant is your 
Triend. The emperor is our faithful ally. Your doorkeeper 
s certainly very obliging. Brevity is generally pleasing. 
This is another stick, it is not mine. The edifice is beautiful 
ind very stately, Wine is sometimes strong, sometimes 
nild. A well-disciplined man is always affable. A work 
hat is costly is not always useful. The hyacinth is a very 
graceful flower. If the poet is envious, his song is bitter. A 
|! dictator is sometimes cruel, but not always. Nothing is so 
I lisgraceful as a foolish dispute. Too much influence is often 
i dangerous thing. Timid modesty is amiable and pleasing, 
)ut not always useful. 



62. 



?atiens (adj.), enduring, patient. 
?rudens (adj.), prudent, wise. 
Siemens (adj.), clement, merciful. 
Sontinens (adj.), abstemious, self- 
denying. 
DiHgens (adj.), diligent. 
Segligens (adj ,),negligent,careless. 



Tempgrans (adj.), temperate. 

Intemperaus (adj.), intemperate. 

Vecors (adj.), silly, frantic. 

Senex (adj.), old. 

Velox (adj.), swift. 

Fugax (adj.), fleeting, 

Pugnax (adj,), fond of fighting 



3b AHN S METHOD. 

Hem. — Some adjectives have only one termination for all three gen« 
ders, as masculine diligens, feminine diligens, neuter diligens. The 
learner will understand that when an adjective is given without a femi- 
nine or neuter termination, it belongs to this class. (See also Ap- 
pendix.) 

Servus patiens, serva patiens, animal patiens. Res est 
vita fugax. Cervus animal est velox et venustum. Disci- 
pulus diligens filius est probus. Metallum pulchrum, durum, 
et pretiosum est aurum. I rater tuus est sodalis et.carus 
amicus meus. Ille juvenis diligens est, alius negligens. 
Comes meus homo est intemperans, tuus vir temperans. 
Domina mea anus est et admodum iracunda. Dictator, si 
vir moderatus, interdum est utilis. Is puer est probus, qui 
semper diligens est et industrius. Quae puella est vecors 
et ingrata, ea non est puella venusta. Qui princeps est I 
clemens, patiens et continens, is socius est pretiosus. Si 
homo liberalis etiam est prudens, is bonus est civis. Quam- 
quam janitor noster ssepe est seger, tamen semper est con- 
ten tus. 



Pax (/.), peace. 
Lex (/.), a law. 
Lux (/.), light* 
Nix (/.), snow. 
Kox (/.), night. 
Nux (/.), a nut. 



Vox (/.), a voice 

Regio (/.), a country, region. 

Mendacium (n.), a falsehood. 

Ebriositas (/.), inebriety. 

Color (m.), a colour. 

Fur (c. g.) f a vagabond, a thief 



Rem. — In Plautus and the older writers the word fur signifies sim 
ply a slave y but in Cicero and the latter authors, the word becomes! 
synonymous with vagabond. A similar interchange of verbal meaning' 
is observed in English ; thus, the word knave (derived from the Saxon 
knabe, a boy) is used by Shakespear to designate a servant, though 
now only used in the sense of a rogue. 

The bo j is prudent, the girl is prudent, and the animal ia 
prudent. All praise is not just. Falsehood is indeed your 
delight. The human voice is very soft. No gift is so pre- 
cious as light. A cold region is generally healthy. The night 
is very calm and clear. This nut is bitter, but the other is 
sweet. Inebriety is certainly a disgraceful vice. This colour 
is pleasing, the other disagreeable. Nothing is so pure and 
lovely as white snow. If the site is wholesome, the building 
is generally healthy. One witness is an honest man, thej^ 



ii 



Bg] 



FIRST LAT1K COUESE. 37 

other undoubtedly a thief. He is an upright citizen who is 
abstemious, temperate, and prudent. Our old door-keeper is 
an intemperate man, but he is a faithful servant. 

64. 

Signutn (n.), a sign, insignia, representation, figure, statue. 
Simulacrum (n.), a resemblance, spectre, image, picture, statue. 
Beneficium (n.), an advantage, kindness, blessing. 
Felicitas (/.), happiness, prosperity, success. 
Supplicium (772.), supplication, punishment, public- execution, 
Scelus (».), a wicked thing, a faulty wickedness, villany, guilt; also (m.) t 
a wicked person, a villain. 

Res fugax est felicitas. !N"on semper utile supplicium esf. 
Signurn illud est nobile et admodum excelsum. Simula- 
crum hoc pulchrum est, aliud venustum. Domus tua 
sedificium est magnum et splendidum. Scelus nullum est tarn 
turpe quam mendacium. Si puer seger est, plerumque est 
miser. Quamquam soror tua est parva tamen est venusta. 
Servus meus est diligens, sed serva negligens nimium. 
Testis improbus homo est miserabilis. Lux beneficium est 
magnum et admirabiie, Si scelus magnum est supplicium 
etiam est magnum. Is discipulus vecors est, qui semper 
piger est et otiosus. Rex vester homo est imemperans, sed 
regina vestra domina est prudens. Nullus homo, qui non 
est moderatus, unquam omnino est contentus. Si aqua est 
pura, sana est, si aliter noxia. 

Rem. — The auxiliary is seldom expressed in the third clause of a 
sentence. (See Hem. Ex. 44.) 



65. 



Dives (adj.), rich, abounding. 
Locuples {adj.), rich, copious. 
6pulens (adj.), opulent, wealthy. 
Pauper (adj.), poor. 
Blpes (adj.), biped, two-footed. 
Mendax (adj.), false, deceitful. 



Stagnans (adj.), stagnant. 
Atrox (adj.), atrocious. 
Ferox (adj. ), ferocious. 
Arrogans (adj.), arrogant, 
Deses (adj.), slothful. 
Audens (adj.), daring. 



Rem. — Itich, when abundance of money or possessions is implied, 
may generally be rendered by dives ; but, when full or luscious is 
signified, locuples is better ; sometimes in this last sense generosus is 
used, as vinuin generosum, rich wine, 

D 



G8 ahn's method. 

A rich man is often wretched. A poor man is often con- 
tented. This is a large and opulent city. Your door-keeper 
is very old. Life is short and fleeting. Man is a two-footed 
animal. A slothful life is a shameful life. A judge is atro- 
cious, if he is cruel. A book if copious is generally easy. 
Stagnant water is very pernicious. A cruel mind is a ferocious 
mind. A well-disciplined man is never arrogant or ferocious. 
If a bench is long it is very useful, but if otherwise, not so useful. 
An author is copious enough, if the book is otherwise good. 
A man who is brave and daring is the best soldier. A boy 
who is slothful and deceitful is an undutiful son. 



66. 



Magis (adv.), more. 
Maxime (adv.), most. 
Minus (adv.), less. 
Minime (adv.), least, 
Primum (adv.) * first, at first: 
Parum (adv.), but little. 
Sic (adv.), so, thus. 
Luxuriose (adv.), luxuriously. 



adv.), ") 
lv.), \only. 



Tan turn (adv.)) 

Solum (adv.] 

Modo (adv.] 

Adhuc (adv.), hitherto, still. 

Fere (adv.), almost, always. 

Deinde (adv.), then, andthen,from 

thence, next. 
Tandem (adv.), at length, at last. 



Rem. — Minime besides being equivalent to least, stands for at least 
not the less, not at all, by no means, in no wise* 

Bellum adhuc incertum est. Longe mors nunquam est. 
Ager sterilis parum est utilis. Vinum primum asperum 
est, deinde molle. Puer saepe deses est, puella minimi 
saepe. Miles est fortis, vel minime audens. Mercator est 
dives, sed frater pauper ejus. Ter honestus est ille homo, 
qui probus, certus, et fidelis est. Ubicunque aqua est pura 
regio fere sana, est. Quamquam janitor noster est pauper, 
non minus est eontentus. Maritus est negotiosus, uxor est 
magis negotiosa, sed films maxime est negotiosus. Servus 
est industrius, serva est minus industria, sed coquus mi- 
nime est industrius. Tyrannus non modo est crudelis, sed 
etiam ferox. Aqua non solum est pura, sed etiam sana. 
Est hie tantiim unus liber. 

Rem. — Only, used in the sense of nothing but, is rendered by tantum, 
under other circumstances, when an adverbs by modo or solum. 



WEST LATIN COUESE, 



89 



67. 



Victus, a, uni, vanquished, con- 
quered. 

Obscurus, a, urn, obscure, dark, 
dense. 

Fructuosus, a, urn, fruitful, pro- 
ductive. 

Amplus, a, urn, spacious, stately. 



NScessarius, a, um, necessary. 
Verus, a, urn, true, real. 
Botundus, a, um, round. 
Afflictus, a, um, afflicted. 
Flavus, a, um, yellow. 
Perfectus, a, um, perfect. 
Stultus, a, um, foolish, stupid. 



Gold is a bright and yellow metal. No man is quite per- 
fect. A conquered king is generally prudent. Diligence is 
always pro due ti ye. An old man is oftener afflicted than a 
youth. Wine is more necessary than water. An obscure 
author is sometimes useful. Your brother is always affable 
and polite. The palace is a beautiful and very stately edifice. 
The earth is a globe, but it is not quite round. An upright 
man is generally a true and faithful friend. My pupil is 
much more industrious than yours. A boy who is always 
idle, is a foolish boy. The site is not only beautiful but 
healthy also. My daughter is by no means handsome, but 
she is prudent and diligent. The merchant is not only rich, 
but generous and liberal also. Here is the stupid old woman 
at last ! 

68. 

Dulcis, e, sweet, charming, delicious, pleasing. 

Suavis, e, sweet, luscious, delightful, courteous. 

Gravis, e, heavy, important, severe, grave. 

Singiilaris, e, single, singular, strange, extraordinary, eccentric. 

PSrennis, e, lasting, durable, continual. 

Vestalis, e, of or belonging to Vesta, vestal. 

Splendida et gravis ilia est causa. Nihil est tarn perenne 
quam aurum. Magisler semper suavis est noster eturbanus. 
Latebra maxim& singularis locus est mea. Illud simulacrum 
vestale pulchruni est et admodum exeelsum. Comes meus 
amicus est probus, fidelis et verus. Sodalis homo mendax, 
turpis et stultus est tuus. Eotundus flavum annulus meus 
aurum est. Heec nox est frigida, sed minimi obscura. 
Nemo est perfectus ; Deus solus est omnino perfectus. Do- 
mus satis est ampla, sed hortus nimis est parvus. Legatus 
Tester non solum vir est callidus, sed etiam valde acutus. 



40 ahn's method. 

Res acerba est conlentio gravis. Dominus homo est seve- 
rus ct arrogans. Hoc vinum dulce, molle est et generosurn, 
Sauvis non est ornnis nos. 

Rem. — Sweet may be rendered by dulcis when any of the senses is 
implied, but by suavis with the sense of taste or smell only. Severe 
is mostly rendered by scverus in speaking of persons, and by gravis in 
speaking of things, as vir severus, a severe man, vulnus grave, a severt 
wound; but severus is also sometimes used with inanimate nouns, as 
pcena severa, a severe punishment, 

69. 



Culpa (/.), a fault, blame. 
Crimen (n.), a crime, a fault. 
Clamor (/».), an outcry, a shout. 
Frons (m. or/.), the brow,fore- 

head. 
Rectum (n), integrity, right, 
Mons (m,), a mountain. 



Calumnia (/.), a calumny, 
Paupertas ( /.), poverty. 
S£ Veritas (/.), severity. 
LenTtas (/.), lenity. 
Historia ( /.), history. 
Line a (/.), a line. 
Exceptio (/.), an exception. 



Rem. — When the noun fault means something done wrong without 
forethought it is rendered by culpa, or vitium, and when premedita- 
tion is implied, by scrtus or crimen. 

If the fault is serious, the punishment is severe. The 
punishment is severe, therefore the fault is serious. Integrity 
is true nobility. Every line is not straight. Calumny is an 
odious vice, if not a crime. History, if true, is a faithful moni- 
tor. If the forehead is high the mind is spacious. This water 
is by no means hot. Nothing is so silly as a foolish shout. 
Severity js generally more beneficial than lenity. One 
boundary is a forest, another a mountain. My pupil is a most 
industrious young man. A prudent man is never haughty 
or arrogant. Your friend is a very polite, but a very singular 
man. The boy is lazy, or at least indolent. Your king is a 
brave soldier, but he is by no means prudent. Although 
poverty is very unpleasant, yet it is often salutary. 

70. 

est, there is some ; \ est ? is there any. 

Rem. — The particles some and any when used in expressing an in- 
definite quantity are usually understood in Latin. 

Ibi est pecunia. Hie est vinum ? Ubi est ? Non est 
hoc satis. Mons est altus sed non difficilis. Flos splendidua 
et pulcher hyacinthus. Dcus est Justus, benignus et pater 



FIRST LATltf COURSE. 41 

bonus. Homo ilie tarn singularis comes est meus. Rex 
Tester homo est mendax et arrogans. Regina nostra 
domina est clara et arnica generosa. Juvenis negotiosus 
plerumque sanus est et gratus. Qui animus est segrotus, is 
non sanus est animus. Ilia mensa est rotunda, illud scam- 
num longum. Senex mercator est locuples, et amicus 
cams meus. Omnis laus est noxia, quee justa non est. 
Discipulus meus seepe tristis est vel minime gravis. 
Filius tuus sat est venustus, si probus est. Quamquam hoc 
vinum est asperum, tamen admodum est generosum. 

71. 



Assfduus, a, um, assiduous. 
Seduius, a, um, sedulous. 
Libldinosus, a, um, licentious. 
Immensus, a. um, vast. 
Pius, a, um, godly, pious, devout. 
Bellicosus, a, um, warlike. 



Kuber, bra, brum, red. 
Ranis, a, um, rare, thin. 
Bobustus, a, um, robust. 
Iuflrmus, a, um, infirm. 
D\ vinus, a, um, divine. 
iSternus, a, um, eternal. 



Here is some water. Is there any bread here ? Is it good ? 
Human reason is a divine gift. The world is vast and won- 
derful. A young man is robust, an old man generally infirm. 
The ostrich is not a very rare bird. This line is red, the 
other black. A pious man is also a righteous man. An as- 
siduous boy is generally a good scholar. A warlike man is 
not always a good citizen. God is eternal and unchangeable, 
man mortal and changeable. Rich wine is not so whole- 
some as pure water. That yellow substance which is so 
bright, is amber. A licentious people is generally a slothful 
and wretched people. The old woman is sedulous and dili- 
gent, the old man lazy and indolent. • 

72. 

Yghfcmens {adj.), fierce, high, passionate, vehement. 

Sapiens (adj.), wise, intelligent, sensible. 

Prsestans (adj.), surpassing, eminent, pre-eminent, prominent, brave, 

galiant. 
Audax (adj.), audacious, bold, daring. 
edax (adj.), devouring, insatiable, gluttonous. 
Anceps (adj.), two-edged, double-faced, doubtful. 

Victoria regina 1 domina preestans est et clara. Napoleon 
imperator socfusest certus etprinceps audax. Urbs Roma 2 non 
est valde magna, sed admodum est prsestans. Nulla urbs tan? 

D 3 



42 aWs method. 

est nobilis quam urbs Roma. 3 Pecunia sola non est felicitas. 
Culpa est mea, crimen tuum. Struthiocamelus avis est 
edax. lies incerta et anceps bellum est. Yentus est 
vehemens et frigidus. Qui homo csL intemperans, plerum- 
que est seger. Instinctus crudelis vehemens et ferox in- 
stinctus est. Quam vehemens et iracunda est ilia mulier! 
Rex sapiens semper Justus est et clemens. Miles bonus est, 
si fortis, prudens et audax. Dea vestra est pecunia, deus 
vester aurum. Medicina ssepe est salutaris, sed nimis multa 
valde noxia. Quamquam hoc signum non est magnum, 
tamen venustum et admodum est excelsum. 

Rem. — (1) Victoria regina, Queen Victoria. When two nouns 
signifying the same thing or person follow each, other in this way they 
are said to be in apposition. 

(2) Urbs Eoma, the city of Rome. After the words town, city, 
island, fountain, the particle of is dropped in Latin, before the name 
of a place, and both nouns are put in apposition, as urbs Londinum, the 
city of London; Sici lia insula, the island of Sicily; fons Arethusa, 
the fountain of Arethusa. 

(3) Designations and titles generally stand second in Latin, as, 
Darius rex, king Darius ; Vespasianus imperator, the Emperor Vespa~ 
sion ; Britannia insula, the island of Britain ; but urbs AthenaB, the 
city of Athens, or, better, urbs Atheniensis. 

73. 

plior(m.anJ/.),K 
Douilis, e, docile. 



Jndocilis, e, unteachable. 
I m plum is, e, feat her less. 
YenSrabllis, e, worshipful. 



Subllmis, e, sublime, high. 
Humilis, e, low, humble. 
Levis, e, light, trivial. 
Frag! lis, e, fragile, frail. 
Talis, e, such, like. 
Qualis, e, what, what sort of. 



Rem. — Melior is an adjective of two terminations, that is, it has 
melior for the masculine, melior for the feminine, and melius for the 
neuter. Melius is an adverb as well as the neuter of melior. (See 
Ex. 54.) 

Peace is always better than war. The boy is little better 
than the girl. A good example is better than a pious pre- 
cept. Such a man is certainly n<tt human. Every mind is 
not docile. My home is a humble hut. This book is mine, 
that yours. Too much water is not wholesome. A contented 
man is very rare. What sort of "\ man is your master? 
Human life is frail and fleeting. Eve*/ mind is not exalted 
and sublime. Man is a two-footed, featherless animal. Grief 



#IEST LATIN C0TJBSE. 43 

is sometimes light, sometimes severe. The judge is an up- 
right and venerable man. A wild beast is generally unteach- 
able, but not always. A cruel man is generally a harsh 
master. Mildness is generally agreeable but not always. The 
horse is not only a graceful, but a useful animal. 

74. 

ut (conj.), as, how, that. 

Yel (conj.), even, especially. 

igitur (conj.), therefore, then* 

Quoniam (conj.), since, that, for* 
asmuch as. 

Nisi (conj.), except, without, un- 
less, besides, but. 



V6 (conj. and enclitic), or. 
H6C (conj.), I neUh 
ii ISeque (conj.), \ ' 

Nam( C0 «/.),l 

enim (conj), J J 



imo (conj.), yes, yea. 
Quia (conj.), because. 



Rem. — Some words are termed enclitics, because they are always 
attached to some other word of the sentence, and never stand alone. 
When an enclitic is used in connecting two words, it is generally ap- 
pended to the second, as bis terve (for bis ve ter), twice or thrice. Ve 
is used instead of aui or vel in connecting single words, but not entire 
sentences. 

Nullus locus est tarn pulcher, tamve sublimis ut 1 saltus. 
Est hie liber tuus ?— Imo. Hlc nihil est nisi 2 otium. Yin urn 
est dulce, quia est molle. Nulla est alia tellus nisi terra. 
Ut illud est gratum, sic hoc est molestum. Exercitatio 
semper est salutaris, interdum vel quidem necessaria, 
Quamquam vita hum an a non est longa, tarn en satis est 
longa, si homo est contentus. Animal est ferox, ergo est 
crudele. Discipulus meus diligens est, igitur 3 est juvenis 
prudens. Scamnum non est mensa, neque ferrum aurum. 
JSTon omnis puer est piger, nee omnis puella negligens. 
Poena neque fames, neque exilium, neque mors est ejus. 
Ager tuus est pretiosus, nam est fertilis et fructuosus. 
Omnis res non est utilis, omnis enim 4 res non est bona. 

Rem.— (1) Ut Saltus, as a forest. The conjunction as after so (tarn) 
may be rendered either by ut or quam. 

(2) Kisi otium, but idleness. But is only rendered by nisi after 
nihil, as in the text. 

(3) Igitur est juvenis prudens, he is therefore a prudent young man. 
The conjunctions ergo and igitur have nearly the same power, conse- 
quently therefore in most constructions may be rendered by either. 

(4) Omnis enim res, for everything. In stating a reason, for may 
be rendered either by nam or enim, "When used in this way nam is 
usually placed at the head of the sentence, and enim always after the 
first or second word. 



44 ahn's method. 

75. 

CIvitas (/.), a state, country, or city. 

Respublica (/.), a commonwealth, stale, or republic. 

Yls (/.), violence, strength, force, power. 

Studium (?i.), study, practice , application. 

Amnis (?72. or/.), a stream, the sea, a river. 

Comlinienta'A (n.) 9 a condiment, ingredient, sauce, or spice. 

There is nothing here but violence. This river is not so 
swift as the other. Every man is not upright, neither is 
every man dishonest. Your comrade is not very cheerful, nor 
is he very sad. My daughter is prudent and diligent, there- 
fore she is a dutiful girl. Your pupil is an industrious youth, 
for he is always active and assiduous. Hunger is a delicious 
sauce. This money is twice or three times too much. Sedulous 
study is always beneficial and productive. Power, if not well 
disciplined, is a dangerous thing. A state that is licentious is 
likewise wretched. An opulent commonwealth is generally 
warlike. The master is severe because the servant is lazy. A 
judge is not righteous unless just and severe. My mother is 
often ill, but my father is always healthy. A warlike man is 
mot always a useless citizen, 

76. 

I c himself, herself, itself, he himself, she herself \ 

jpsc, ipsa, ipsum, ^ fhe pe ^ that ver ^ this same ^ ih(U same ^ 

Rex ipse est monitor meus. Ipsa ubi est regina ? Vinum 
ipsum non est noxium. Hie puer est ipse. Ilia ipsa 
domina magistra est nostra. Si homo non est eontentus, 
ipse est causa. Venia lex divina est. Spes est dulcis, sed 
etiam mendax. Mulier non minus est dura quam vir ejus. 
Animal est implume, ergo non est avis. Mercator ant frater 
ejus est opulens. Consors meus vir pius est et honestus. 
Eegio hsec fertilis est, alia sterilis. Quod perfectum est, 
non est mutabile. Animus magnus et celsus semper est 
humilis. Asinus animal est docile, sed non semper facile. | 
Si populus est industrius respublica plerumque opulens est. 
Si imperator est prudens, populus plerumque est eontentus, 
Quamquam hie liber est facilis, utilis tamen est. 

£ EM , — Like the word tamen in the text, conjunctions and adverbs 
are elegantly placed at the end of the sentence. 



FIBST LATIN COtTESE. 45 

77. 



Vestis (/.), dress, clothes. 
Tempus (n.), time. 
Career (m.), a prison. 
Presidium (rc.), a fortress. 
Caro (f), flesh, meat. 
Corpus (m.), ?/ze fcoffy. 



ETostis (c. a.), ? * 

Fiiror (m.), madness , firry. 
Verbum (n.) f a ivord, or saying. 
Lapis (w?,), a s/o?ze. 
Saxum (71.), a rock, or stone. 

Rem. — Hostis generally signifies a public, inimicus a private enemy. 

Where is the king himself? Is this the girl herself? The 
advice itself is valuable. Money itself is nothing. That 
very place is a fortress. That very girl is my sister. That is 
ihe very word. A crafty man is a dangerous foe. Every 
•enemy is not cruel and atrocious. Flesh is very wholesome 
food. Every stone is not precious, nor every metal gold. A 
rugged rock is sometimes graceful. How prudent that young 
man is ! The reason is obscure, the cause uncertain. A 
temperate man is generally healthy. Time is swift and 
fleeting. Passionate fury is a terrible thing. A gay dress is 
generally fragile. A prison is by no means so harsh a 
punishment as exile. A sharp saying or maxim is often use- 
ful. If the body is diseased, the mind is generally not 
healthy. 

78. 

Quis? quae? quid? or quod? who? which? ivhat? 
Quls, qua3 or qua, quid or quod, some, any, some one, any one, some" 

thing, any thing. 

Quis hie est ? Quae hsec merces est ? Quod nomen est 

tuus ? Quid est id r Si qua virtus est, his est. Si quis 

est negotiosus, frater est negotiosus. Si quid est sanum, 

aqua est sana. Quae est alia teHus, nisi terra ? Domina est 

veheme'ns, quae ratio est ? Mors est oerta, tempus incertum. 

XJbi est vitium, ibi scelus. Unum verbum plerumque sat est. 

Lapis hie utilis est, alter inutilis. Yox tua magis est 

| grata quam rnea. Hiscipulus meus juvenis est probus, 

i assiduus enim et diligens est. Omnis homo non est tam lo- 

cuples, tamve liberalis quam frater tuus. Homo nimis belli - 

,: cosus numquam rex est prudens. Quis hie furor est ? Quae 

■fortuna tam misera quam exilium? Quod vinum tam gene- 

rosum ut album : Quid tam durum quam poena in justa? 



46 



AHN S METHOD. 



Rem. — The interrogative pronoun what f when followed by a noun ia 
generally rendered by quis ? quce ? or quod ? according to gender. But 
when no noun follows, or when negotium (thing, affair) is implied, 
then what ? is rendered by quid? 



79. 



Latro (n,), a highwayman* 
Dies (m. or/.), a day. 
Aura (/.), a breeze. 
Sol (m.), the sun. 
Luna ( /.), the moon. 
Thesaurus (?n.),a treasure, 
Formica (/.), an ant. 



Labor (m.), toil, labour. 
opus (n.), work, a work, 
oratio (/.), speech, an oration. 
Lingua (/.), the tongue, a lan- 
guage. 
Sententia (/.), an opinion, 
Yoluptas (/.), pleasure. 



Eem. — In Plautus and the older writers latro signifies a soldier, but 
in Cicero and the latter writers the word is mostly in the sense of an 
armed freebooter, or a robber of the bandit class. (See Bern. Ex. 63). 

Who is that ? What life is long ? What is this ? If any 
one is lenient, our queen is lenient. If anything is sweet, 
honey is sweet. What book is this P What is more 
dangerous than pleasure? What is more precious than 
gold? Who is more godly than an honest man? What 
is more pleasing than hope ? What is so swift as time ? A 
highwayman is often cruel and ferocious. A faithful friend is 
a real treasure. Pleasure is a crafty foe. One day is short, 
and another long. Hard labour is by no means agreeable. Your 
opinion is sometimes just, but not always. Speech is a divine 
and precious gift. A light breeze is pleasing and whole- 
some. The sun is a vast and beneficent globe. The moon is 
not so bright as the sun. Every language is not sweet and 
copious. The world is not less magnificent than wonderful. 



80. 



Felix (adj.), happy, fortunate, 
Infelix (adj.), unhappy, unfortu- 
nate. 
Beatus, a, um, happy, blessed. 
Captus, a, um, captured, taken, 
Vestitus, a, um, clothed, dressed. 
Scelestus, a, um, wicked, guilty. 



Paratus, a, um, prepared, ready. 
Paternus, a, um, paternal. 
Nefarius, a, um, abominable, 
Facundus, a, um, eloquent, 
Fecundus, a, um, I ,.„ 
Fundus, a, um'r™^ 
Pronus, a, um, addicted. 



Rem. — Beatus means happy as regards mental impulses, felix mostly 
refers to happiness arising from physical and outward sources, and 
generally implies individual action, 



FIKST LATIN COTJliSE, 47 

Nenio mains est felix. Homo contentus non est infelix. 
Vn* bonus et prudens semper est felix. Homo honestus 
plerumque beatus est« Est hsec tua sententia ? Dies est 
lulcis et serena. Quani pulehra est haec regio ? Lex pa- 
terna, lex divina est, Societas humana non est perfecta. 
Voluptas semper est mendax. Non omnis poeta est facun- 
lus. Dea benigna natura fecunda est. Urbs capta locus 
plerumque miser est, Prater meus nondum omnino est 
vestitus. Cibus nondum omnino est paratus. Mulier non 
est tarn negligens quam vir ejus. Oratio vehemens et atrox 
aunquam est salutaris. Pater vir est magnus, sed non 
frlius. Nihil tarn est generosum, tamve benignum quam 
Tenia. Filia interdum magis venusta est quam mater. 
Corpus tantum est mortale, anima immortalis est. Nulla 
res tarn scelesta, tarn atrox, tarn crudelis, aut nefaria est ut 
salumnia. 



81. 



IMtfra (/.), delay. 

[Dilatio (/.), delaying. 

I Pondus (n.), a weight, burden. 

[inertia (/.), ignorance^ inactivity, 

j .'ra (/.), anger. 

S-Yectlgal (n.), an income. 



Insania (/.), infatuation madness 
Genus (n.), kindred, family. 
JEtas (/.), age, time of life. 
Parsimonia (/.)> economy, thrift. 
Verecundia (/.), bashfulness. 
initium (n.) 9 a beginning. 



Rem. — Nouns in io often signify the action of the thing expressed, 
is potus, drink, potio, drinking, mora, delay, dilatio, delaying. 

No king is quite happy. The boy is not so fortunate as the 
wl. The parent is fortunate if the son is prudent. A con- 
sented man is generally happy. If a man is not contented, 
he himself is generally the cause. Although a contented man 
is often poor, yet he is always happy. Delay is dangerous. 
Delaying is often useful, sometimes indeed necessary. Every 
beginning is difficult. Calumny is an abominable thing. 
Wind is not less beneficial than water. Anger is a dangerous 
infatuation. Economy is a lasting income. This burden is 
heavy, the other light. What is so shameful as profound 
ignorance ? Too much bashfulness is sometimes injurious. 
This ground is good, but the other is better. This age is by 
no means the most pious. Every race is not brave and war- 
like. No edifice is so well known as the paternal home. 
Every region is not fertile, for there is everywhere a great 
deal of barren land. 



48 ahn's method 

82. 

Plus {adv.), more. I Cam (adv.) \ , 

JEqm (adv.), so, as well as. | Quum (adv.) S ' a *' 

Cur (ado.), why. \ Quando (adv.), when. 

Quare (adv,) y why ? vjhere/ore ? \ an (adv.), or. 

Qui (adv.), how f why ? I Utrum (adv.), whether. 

Secus (adv.), not so, otherwise. | ita (adv.), so, thus, such. 

Qui ita est? Cur puer est otiosus ? Quare sedificium 
tarn altum est? Qui magis est docta puella quam puer? 
Cibus non est paratus ; cur 1 non ? Cum discipulus meus 
est seger, plerumque est piger. Quum senex est infirmus 
saepe est iracundus. Quando servus est diligens dominus est 
lenis. Quando igitur 2 tyrannus turpis est ? Utrum ea vestra 
an 3 nostra culpa est ? Imperator ilia plus 4 quam sapiens Na- 
poleon Tertius, nihil est nisi homo mortalis. Ita est. Ita 
est homo. Praeceptum secus est. Mca secus sententia est. 
Yerecundia bonum est signum, Ira furor brevis est. 
Mulier pia et prudens mater est mea. Unus homo beatus 
est, alter omnino miser. Hie cibus melius est paratus 
quam alter. Homo scelestus et improbus semper est in- 
felix. Is solus est beatus, qui honestus est et contentus. 
Homo prudens et diligens plerumque est felix. Senex 
plerumque minus bene vestitus est quam anus. Mors certa 
est, et in certa an hac die ipsa. Vita non est ita quod 
omnis homo beatus est. Non omnis homo pius est, non 
omnia enim homo est probus. 

Rem. — (1) Cur non ? Why not ? Car is used for why in affirmative 
as well as in interrogative sentences; quare only in direct questions, 
where an answer is expected ; qui when how so? how is it that ? by 
what means f is implied. Why ? in direct questions is likewise rendered 
by quid, as quid ita $ (why so f) See Rem. Ex. 78. 

(2) Quando igitur, when therefore ? The English adverb when is 
Bometimes rendered by cum, sometimes by quum, and sometimes by 
quando, as in the text. Quum and cum are different orthographies of 
the same word. In expressing present time indefinitely, when may be 
either rendered by cum, quum, or quando ; but in expressing a defi- 
nite period of past time quum or cum only is used; quum or cum is 
likewise used in a variety of compound locutions, as quum pturimuin 
{most frequently) ; quum maxlme (never more). In questions when is 
rendered by quando ; quum or cum are never put interrogatively. 



FIKST LATIN COURSE. 



49 



(3) Vestra an nostra culpa, your fault or ours. An stands for or 
only when whether is expressed or understood in the sentence, &s,utrum 
is est an non ? or simply an is est ? (whether is it he or not ?) 

(4) Imperator ilie plus quam sapiens, that more than wise emperor. 
Tlus answers to more, when, over, beyond, or above is signified, as plus 
quam plus homo (a more than godly man), i. e., above, beyond, or over 
godly. In comparisons more is rendered by magis, as magis pius quam 
ego, more godly than I. 

83. 



Volucris (/.), a bird. 

Serpens (c. g.), a serpent, a rep- 



Anser (m.), a goose 

Passer (m.), a sparrow. 

Ostrea (/.), an oyster. 

elephantus (iw ), an elephant. 

Hirundo (/.), a swallow. 

Cygnus (m.), a swan. 

Bos (c. g.), an ox, bull, or cow. 



Pavo (c. g.), a peacock. [tile. 

Leo (m.), a lien. 
Lea3na (/.), a lioness. 
Lupus (m.), a wolf. 
Lepus (?».), a hare. 

Rem. — Volucris signifies any creature that can fly, consequently may. 
mean a winged insect as well as a bird, but it is mostly used in speak- 
ing generally of the feathered tribe. 

Here is that more than illustrious city — Rome. How is it 
that the oyster is so delicious ? Why is meat so dear ? Where- 
fore is the serpent so noxious ? When an animal is docile, 
it is generally useful. Whether is the black swan rare or 
not? The ant is a sedulous and assiduous insect. No ani- 
mal is so crafty as the fox. The ox is a patient and valuable 
animal. The lion is a brave and generous brute. No bird is 
so splendid as the peacock. Every bird is not useful, nor is 
every insect noxious. The lioness is much more terrible than 
the lion. The hare is a timicl, but very swift creature. The 
wolf is a fierce and ferocious wild beast. What bird so stupid 
as the goose ? The sparrow is a small but prolific bird. No 
animal is so vast, so strong, or so intelligent, as the elephant. 
The ostrich is a useful and docile bird, but the swallow is 
altogether unreachable. 

84. 

Videre, to see. 
Audire, to hear. 
Credere, to believe. 
Servire, to serve. 
Intelligere, to understand. 
Scire, to know. 

Nescire, not to know, to he igno- 
rant of. 
abire, to go away. 



Esse, to he. 

Fuisse, to have been. 

Esto, be. 

Habere, to have. 

Habuisse, to have had. 

am are, ~| , , 

M„ ' > to love. 
ig6re, J 

LSgSre, to read. 

Dicgre, to say, sjicak, tell. 



50 ahn's method. 

Semper esto diligens. Miserabile est 1 nihil amare. Pal- 
chrum est semper verum dicere. Nihil tarn turpe est quam 
ingratum esse. Honestum est nunquam injustum fuisse. 
Legere est facile, intelligere difficile. Miserum verbum 
est habuisse et nihil habere. Primum prseceptum est dili- 
gere 2 et servire. Melius est nescire quam male scire. 
Stultum est videre et audire et tamen non credere. Frater 
tuus nondum est tam doctus quam meus. Elephantus non 
est tam utilis quam bos. Non omnis fera est tam ferox 
tamve vehemens quam lupus. Aqua multo magis est ne- 
cessaria quam vinum. Vestis haec perennis est, alia splen- 
dida sed fragilis, Ees periculosa est lingua intemperans. 
Omne prseceptum divinum bonum est et utile. Quamquam 
dominus noster est homo moderatus, minime est illiberalis. 
Historia si yera non solum utilis est, sed etiam saepe salu- 
taris. 

Eem. — (1) Miserabile est, it is pitiable. The neuter form of the 
adjective miser abilis, is used in this sentence, because it is the pre- 
dicate of the infinitive amare ; and infinitives of verbs when used sub- 
stantively, are of that gender. (See gender in Appendix, § 1, c.) 

(2) Diligere et servire, to love and obey. The English verb to 
love is sometimes rendered by amare and sometimes by diligere^ Amare 
signifies to love cordially ; diligere, to love dearly ; that is, the one 
expresses the love of the heart, the other the love of the mind. Amare 
in some constructions, stands for to like, to be fond of, to be partial to. 
Diligere {fvom. di-ligere, to choose apart), involves a notion of selection 
and is the proper equivalent for to love in such phrases, as to love peace 
and hate war, because a notion of preference is expressed; but, when 
to love is used indefinitely, it may be rendered by either amare or 
diligere. 

85. 



FWvius(mU 
Flumen (n.), j 
epistbla (/.), a letter. 
Sulcus (m.), a furrow. 
Autumnus (m.), Autumn. 
Ver (n.), Spring. 
jEstas (/.), Summer. 
Hi ems (/.), Winter. 



Ars (/.), power, art, skill. 
Verum (n.), truth, reason. 
Vicinus (m.), a neighbour. 
Consul (m.), a consul. 
amor (m.), love. 

Clemen tia (/.), clemency, mercy. 
Senectus (/.), age, old age. 
Manus (/.), the hand. 

Hem. — When the noun river signifies a stream of moderate magni- 
tude, it is rendered hyfluvius ; but when a deep, broad river is implied, 



JFIEST LATIN COTJKSE. 51 

by amnis. The vrox&fumen means Mowing, hence it is used to express 
anything that. flows, as a current, a flood of tears, a running stream; 
and it is sometimes used instead of fuvius for river, in speaking of 
streams generally. 

Every river is not deep. It is a virtue not to know vice. 
When is tke teacher here ? Whether is this your book or 
not ? Summer is my delight. One climate is agreeable, ano- 
ther unpleasant. Spring is not so beautiful as autumn. 
Truth is eternal and unchangeable. The peacock is not so 
stupid as the goose. The hand is beautiful, if it is small. 
Medicine is a most beneficent art. Nothing is so worshipful 
as a calm and cheerful old age. Winter is a cold but healthy 
season. An old raven is often a crafty bird. A furrow is 
not productive unless deep and straight, "No virtue is more 
generous than mercy. A severe dictator is sometimes better 
than a lenient consul. All history is not useful, for all his- 
tory is not true. Nothing is more honourable, than to have 
always been just. The merchant is not a rich man, but he is 
diligent and upright. 

86. 

idem, eadem, idem, the same, the same person, 
ater, tra, tmm, 1 black, brown, gloomy, stormy. 
teter, tra, trum, mischievous, hideous, foul, nasty. 
alienus, a, urn, 2 another mans, alien, offensive. 
Tutus, a, urn. 3 safe, secure, out of danger. 
Salvus, a, urn, safe, sound, well. 

SScundus, a, um, second, next, prosperous, favourable. 
Adversus, a, um, adverse^ unfavourable, unseasonable* 

Rem.— (1) Ater stands for black when a dark colour is implied, as 
vinum atrum, a black or dark coloured wine; under most other cir- 
cumstances black is rendered hy niger. 

(2) Alienus signifies of or belonging to another person or country) 
and is equivalent to such English locutions, as, the affairs of others, 
other people' ] s business. 

(3) Tutus stands for safe when danger is no longer to he appre- 
hended, and salvus when danger is to be feared, or has been recently 
escaped. 

Animus semper est idem, anima eadem, corpus idem. 
Difficilis, facilis, gratus et icgratus est idem. Arnica mea 
est prudens, sedula, diiigens ; eadem pia est, fidelis et 
proba. Hie omnis infelix cxul tutus est. Senex salvus 



52 ahn's method. 

est et gratus. JFortuna nunquam longa est secunda. Ater 
panisvalde sanus est. Res aqua stagnans tetra est. Utrum 
est vinum atrum an album ? Quando coelum est obscurum, 
nox est tetra. Tyrannus crudelis teter est dominus. Suum 
genus magis earum est quam alienum. Civitas non est 
tuta, quando bellum est. Homo scelestus nunquam est 
tutus. Prater tuus est salvus, si hie nuntius verus est. 
Nihil est secundum, quando tempus est adversum. Quum 
bellum est adversum, pax plerumque est difficilis. Quam- 
quam apis valde parva est, tamen est admodum sedula. 
Hoc opus non idem est, quod est alterum. 

Rem. — (1) Difficilis est idem, he, the same parson, is rude. Idem, as 
in this sentence, has sometimes the power of he, she, or it the same. 

(2) Quod est alterum, as the other. After same, the particle as be- 
comes a relative pronoun, and is rendered by qui, gum, or quod. (See 
Ex.46.) 

87. 

Dux (c, g.), a leader, chief, general, or admiral. 

Forma (/.), shape, figure, form, beauty. 

Apparatus (rn.), preparing, preparation, an entertainment. 

Familiaris (m.), a companion, an intimate, a familiar friend. 

Ciipiditas (/.), desire, thirst, passion, covefousness. 

Pestis (/.), ajjest, destruction, ruin, calamity. 

Vulgus (m. or n.), the vulgar, the common people, a mob. 

Fides (f.), faith, trust, fidelity, integrity. 

Patria (/.), the native soil, one's own country. 

Rem. — The possessive pronouns, my, thy, your, his, her, its, their, 
when used with the word country, are not expressed in Latin. (See 
Rem. to Ex, 26.) 

The one entertainment is the same as the other. That 
fires s is the same as this. This statue is the same as that. 
Is this the same law P Winter is often a hideous season. 
Every leader is not wise and prudent. Beauty is a frail and 
fleeting thing. One's own country is always beautiful. JNo 
infatuation is so vile as covetousness. What pest is so abo- 
minable as calumny ? A ferocious mob is generally a harsh 
judge. The state is always safe if the sovereign is prudent. 
Your brother is my school-fellow and intimate friend. The 
sky is sometimes calm, sometimes stormy. JN"o one is a good 
citizen, who is not honest and just. Your advice is always 
the same. Is your opinion always the same ? How is that 



■ FIRST LATIN COURSE. 53 

your opinion is always the same ? He, the same person, is 
haughty and generous, lenient and cruel. The general is 
temperate, grave, and prudent ; he, the same person, is affable, 
liberal, and kind. 



88. 



Libere {adv.), freely* 

Plane {adv.), openly, plainly, 

Certe (adv.), certainly. 

Pene (adv.), almost, in a manner, 

Perspicue (adv.), perspicuously, 

LibidTnose (adv.), wilfully. 

Temere (adv.), rashly. 

Facile (adv.), easily. 

Egregie (adv.), admirably. 

Perpetud (adv.), continually. 



Ctto (adv.), quickly, 
Raro (adv.), seldom, rarely, 
Merito (adv.), deservedly. 
Salubrlter (adv.), wholesomely, 
Velociter (adv.), swiftly, rapidly. 
LeYiter (adv.), slightly, gently. 
Libenter (adv.), willingly, gladly. 
Audacter (adv.), boldly. 
Impudenter (adv.), impudently, 
Fidellter (adv.), faithfully. 



Rem. — Adverbs are mostly formed from adjectives by changing the 
last syllable into e, b, or adding ter, iter, with an occasional eupho- 
nic modification of the root, as from facilis easy, is formed facile easily ; 
from rams rare, raro rarely ; from audax bold, audacter boldly; from 
velox swift, velociter swiftly* 

Homo industrius raro est pauper. Senex ille leviter vesti- 
tus est. Pene discipulus meus adhuc est puer. Hie cibus cito 
paratus est. Egregie liber tuus scriptus est. "Onus fluvius 
est longus, alter brevis. Bonus judex salubriter est severus. 
Rex prudens non facile yictus est. Fortuna nunquam est 
perpetuo bona. Quam temere ! quam libidinose ! quam 
impudenter ! Honestum est audacter et libere" dicere. Vir- 
tus est bene et fideliter servire. Pulchrum est yerum 
libenter audire. Omnis homo probus merito est clarus. 
Legere est facile, legere plane et perspicue difficile. Bene 
scire melius est, quam yelociter scire. Imperator fortasse 
est callidus, certe est acutus. Ilia civitas nondum plane: 
est inimica aut hostis. Si homo est segrotus, non est beatus. 
Amicus meus est segrotus, beatus igitur non est. Quam- 
quam homo est segrotus, interdum est beatus, sed non 
semper. 

89. 



Firmus, a, urn, firm, strong ', solid, 
Antiquus, a, urn, old, ancient, 
Composltus, a, urn, quiet, demure. 



Constructe,a,um, built constructed. 
Extents, a, um, outward, foreign, 
Superbus, a, um, proud, brave, 
E 3 



54 ahk's method. 

Regius, a, um, regal, royal. ) Mortuus, a, urn, dead. 



Crassus, a, Mm, fat, thick. 
Densus, a, um, dense, thick. 
Latus, a, um, broad, wide. 
Augustus, a, um, narrow, scanty. 
Jmperiosus, a, um, imperious. 
Mumficus, a, um, munificent. 
Incautus, a, um, heedless. 
Crediilus, a, um, credulous. 



Privatus, a, um, private. 
Publicus, a, um, public. 
Cavus, a, um, hollow. 
Consitus, a, um, sown. 
Fidus, a, um, trusty, true. 
InquTnatus, a, um, defiled. 
Pestiferus, a, um, pestilent. 
Situs, a, um, situated. 



Your house is wholesomely situated. The long bench is 
too narrow. A trusty friend is a great treasure. The land 
is fat and fertile. A iield is not productive unless sown. 
The one globe is solid, the other hollow. An imperious master 
is generally harsh also. Love is a credulous and deceitful , 
thing. A prudent king is never proud or arrogant. The 
tyrant is dead, but not the tyranny. This is a public, the 
other a private building. The forest is dense, obscure, and 
rugged. The river is deep, but not broad. Rome is a very 
illustrious and ancient city. The boy is troublesome, but the 
girl is docile and quiet. Every flower that is foreign, is not 
beautiful. The wall is solid and admirably constructed. "Who 
so defiled as an unjust judge? Nothing is so regal or so 
magnificent as clemency. My pupil is by no means a heed- 
less or negligent boy. 

90. 

Siim, I am. 

es, thou art, or you are. 

Est, he, she, or it is. 

Homo sum. Rex es. Proba puella est hsec. Non ego 
sum mercator. Puer piger es. Quid tu tristis es ? Dux 
ego vester sum. Si tu es homo, es etiam mortalis. Ego 
sum mortalis et tu quoque. Discipulus probus es, si dili- 
gens es. ^ Sum salvus si verus hie nuntius est. Ille homo 
est sodalis meus, et ego sum comes juse. Difficilis, facilis, 
negotiosus, otiosus es idem. Quando niolle vinum est? 
Consul vir est maxima generosus et munificus. Nemo est 
tarn regius tamve liberalis quam vester imperator. Hseo 
via publica est, alia privata. Saccharum hoc bonum est, 
sed aliud melius. Ubicunque stagnans est aqua, pestifera 
regie- est. Amicus meus nee est incautus, neque negligens, 



FiTfcST LATIN COTJESE. 



55 



Hie ager mult& melius con situs est quam alter. Ego 
sum homo, ergo sum mortalis. Homo sum 1 igitur sum hu- 
manus. 

Rem. — (1) Homo sura, / am a man. The personal pronouns/, thou, 
and you, are rendered by ego and tu. (See Ex. 38 ;) but are generally 
dropped when nominative to a verb. (See Rem. to Ex. 56.) 

91. 



Illustris, e, bright, illustrious. 
Imbecillis, e, weak, weakening. 
Capitalis, e, destructive, capital, 
Infamis, e, detestable, dismal. 
"Vilis, e, cheap, base, abject. 
JEquabilis, e, equal, consistent. 
Insignis, e, remarkable, flagrant, 
Similis, e, like, similar. 



Dissimilis, e, unlike, dissimilar, 
Segnis, e, dull, slothful. 
Gracilis, e, slim, slender, 
amabilis, e, amiable. 
Machinalis, e, mechanical, 
Militaris, e, military. 
Instabilis, e, unsteady. 
Virtdis, e, green, 



I am a wretched man. You are a diligent boy. The girl 
is amiable enough, if she is good. If I am not humane, I 
am not a man. You are not trustworthy, for falsehood is 
your delight. Here is the very person. Where is he ? Me- 
chanical power is certainly very useful. A transaction so 
abominable is detestable. Inebriety is an abject vice. What 
is true : .s always consistent. A virtuous life is a consistent 
life, btagnant water is generally pestilent. The building is 
remarkable, but not very spacious. Nothing is so base or 
destructive as calumny. That young man is weak, his body 
is too slender. My neighbour is unsteady, trivial, and incon- 
stant. A military road is generally durable, but often too 
narrow. My friend is a passable poet, and a very affable 
young man. If the pupil is dull, the teacher is often severe. 



92. 



amo, I love} 

amas, thou lovest, or you love. 

am at, he loves. 

Habeo, I have. 

Habes, thou hast, or you have. 

Habet, he has. 

Video, I see, 

Tides, thou seest, or you see, 

Yidet, he sees. 

Manet, he waits, or remains. 

Eem. — (1) The simple tenses of 
English compound tenses made up 



Lego, / read. 2 

Legis 5 thou reddest, or you read. 

Legit, he reads. 

Scio, / know. 

Sets, thou knowest, or you know. 

Beit, he knows. 

Nescio, / know not. 

Nescis, thou knowest not, or you 
know not. 

Nescit, he knows not. 
the Latin verb are equivalent to the 
with the participle in ing thus — 



56 



AUN S METHOD. 



Audio, / hear, or / am hearing. 
Audis, thou hearest, or art hearing. 
Audit, he hears, or is hearing. 

(2) The word lego has a variety of other meanings besides I read; 
as the indicative present of the verb legdre, it stands for / send as an 
ambassador, I despatch, I entrust ; and as the present indicative of 
leg ere, it means I choose, gather tip, or steal. 

Ego amo. Tu amas. Qui puer amat. Quis legit? 
Fratermeus legit. Quid legit? Cur legit ?— Nescio. Quid 
legis ? Quid lego, nescio. Si tu nescis, ego scio. Quod tu 
nescis, ego nescio. Quid habes ? Quod habeo, vides. Habeo 
quod vides. Quod habeo, scis. Discipulus bene legit meus. 
Perpetuo discipulus legit tuus. 1 Soror mea multo rueliu3 
legit quam ego. Utrum hie liber sit utilis an inutilis, nes- 
cio. Civis bonus semper est probus et honestus. Eulius 
bonus civis unquam est iniquus. Si homo est iniquus, 
non bonus est civis. ISon omnis bonus civis homo est cre- 
dulus. Nemo est bonus civis qui credulus est nimis. 
Quamquam puer est gracilis, non est imbecillis. Puella est 
assidua et diligens, igitur est filia proba. Non omnis res 
quae machinalis est, res bona est et utilis. Rex vester 
homo est infamis, quia vilis est et illiberalis. 

^ Rem. (1 ) Discipulus legit tuus, your pupil is reading. The verb in Latin 
is generally placed at the end of the sentence, unless, as in this instance, 
some other rule has to be observed. (See Remarks to Ex. 32, 38, 
46, 52, 72, and 76.) 



Do, I give. 
Das, thou givest, or you give. 
Dat, he gives. 
Puto, 1 think. 

Pittas, thou thinkest, or you think. 
Putat, he thinks. 
Jungo, I join or yoke. 
Rftgo, I ask or enquire. 
Vlto, I shun. 
M6neo, I advise. 
Credo, / believe, think, or trust. 
Credis, thou beliezest, thinkest, 
trustest, you believe, think, trust. 
Credit, he believes, thinks, trusts. 



93. 



Colo, / exercise, practise, or study, 

Cdlis, thou exercisest, practises^ 
or studiest ; you exercise, prac' 
Use, or study. 

Colit, he exercises, practises, or 
studies. 

Cedit, he, she, or it gives way. 

Protegit, he, she, or it protects. 

Conservat, he, she, or it pre- 
serves, maintains. 

PStit, he, she, or it asks for. 

iEdificat, he, she, or it builds. 

abundat, it abounds. 

Delectat, it delights or pleases, 



FIEST LATIN COTJESE. 57 

Pleasure delights. Wickedness abounds. The servant 
waits. My pupil studies. What have you? I have nothing. 
The enemy gives way. I shun boldly. I sometimes think. 
You never think. What is the boy reading ? What is your 
sister asking for ? I know not. When I know not, I enquire. 
God preserves and protects us. What I see, I believe. What 1 
have, I give. Man is an animal that builds. What you think, 
I know. Wby are you continually reading ? My attendant 
is a trusty servant. This food is wholesomely prepared. 
That poplar is gently curved. An enemy is rarely just. Your 
only son is my intimate friend. Plainly enough this work is 
not the same as the other. The wall is much better constructed 
than the roof. No wild beast is so brave and daring as the 
lion. Although a field is fertile, it is not productive unless 
sown. 

94. 
NeV . 
Num,» 

f\ 1 



Nonne, 3 [= Interrogative particles. 

an, 4 

Anne 



an,* 



A question may be asked in Latin by simply affixing a 
note of interrogation to the affirmative form of the phrase, 
as — hie est liber tuus, this is your booh ; so — hie est liber tuus ? 
is this your booh ? but, more usually one or other of the fore- 
going particles is used. 

Rem. — (1) Ne is enclitic and is generally attached to the first word 
af the sentence. This particle merely denotes that information is 
sought, as estne severus magister r Is the master severe 9 

(2) Num, when used in a question expects the answer, no, as — num 
2st homo certus ? Is the men trustworthy? t, e. the man is not trust- 
worthy, is he f 

(3) Nonne expects the answer yes, as — nonne est mors certa ? Is 
mi death certain ? i. e. death is certain, is it not f 

(4) An and anne are sometimes used instead of ne, in merely ask- 
ing for information, as, an is est? Is it he? Often, however, an and 
jfine imply whether, as — an est ilia tua sententia ? Is that your opi- 
nion? i.e., "Whether is that your opinion or not? (See also Hem. 
3, Ex. 82.) 

Estne viDum asperum ? Num est vinum asperum ? Nonne 
est vinum asperum ? An est yinum asperum ? Quis est ? 
Tun' 1 est? Satin' 2 sanus es etsobrius? Miles non sum. 



58 ahn's method. 

Quid igitur es ? Bis dat, qui cito dat. Homo invidiosus 
mains est civis. Populus ilia procera est cava. Senex non 
est infirnms, ncque irabellis. Utrum pax sit certa, an in- 
certa, nescio. Perrum vile est metallum, aurum pretiosum. 
Homo cum segrotus est plerumque est miser. Mius minimi 
incautus aut negligens est tuus. Qui temere credit, is cre- 
dulus est homo. Discipulus tuus multo melius legit quam 
meus. Homo temperans et moderatus raro est Eeger. Janitor 
noster homo est temperans et moderatus, raro igitur est 
seger. ' Quum civitas est instabilis, rex non est felix. Ne- 
gotium honestum est tuum, sed nimis periculosum. Urbs 
nostra est magna, maxime antiqua, et admodum opulens. 

Rem. — (1) Tun* est ? Is it you ? The e of ne is frequently dropped 
as tun for tune, 

(2) Satin' es sanus? Are you well enough? Saiisne in colloquial 
interrogations is generally contracted into satin'. 

95. 

Pulvis {in. or/.), dust. 
Conjunctio (/.), a conjunction. 
Seg&s (/.), a corn- field. 
Hora (/.), an hour, time. 
Ripa (/,), the bank (of a stream), 

the shore. 
Vitrura (n.), glass, crystal. 
Fugitivus (m.), a fugitive. 
Medicus (m.), a physician. 
Praetor (m.), a governor , viceroy. 
Dolor (m.), grief , pain. 
NiimSrus (m.), a number. 
Probitas (f. J, probity. 

Rem. — (1) The word youth when it signifies the early period of life, 
may be rendered either by juventa, jiwentas, or juventus ; when youth 
signifies a young person of either sex, it must be rendered by juvenis. 
Juventus properly signifies the goddess of youth, but is also sometimes 
used in speaking of youth or of young persons generally 

(2) In speaking of the disposition or affections, the word mind is 
most correctly rendered by animus, and in speaking of the rational or 
thinking principle, by mens. 

Is the book easy? The book is not easy, is it ? The book 
is easy, is it not ? Is the book easy or not ? The word but 
is a conjunction, is it not ? Every omen is not favourable, 



Juventa (/.;, J 
Jiiventas (/.), £■ youth? 
Juventus (/.), j 
Auspicium (n,), an omen 
Curia (/.), a court-house. 
Komen (n.), a name. 
amicitia (f.), friendship. 
lnimicttia (/.), enmity. 
Pulchritudo (/.), beauty. 
Amplitudo (/.), magnitude. 
Conscientia (/.), conscience 
Disciplina (/.), discipline. 
Mens (/.), 2 the mind, courage. 



FIIIST LATIN COUESE. 59 

STouth. is docile, eld age intractable. Enmity is not always 
asting. The court-house is a very lofty and spacious build- 
ng. I r outh is a short and fleeting thing. I am not a mer- 
chant, I am a physician. The affair, though important, is by 
10 means agreeable. Discipline is always useful, sometimes 
necessary. Every youth is not wise and prudent. Firm 
riendship is more precious than gold. The human soul is 
immortal, the body nothing but dust. An hour is short, when 
ii man is happy. The corn-field is very fertile, but the garden 
!j.s in no vvise productive. The mind is not healthy when the 
,3ody is diseased. Nothing is so hard or so bright as crystal. 



96. 



iram, I was. 

-iras. thou wast, or you were, 
fat, he was. 



Fui, / was, 1 or have been. 
Fuisti, thou wast, or hast been, 

you were, or have been. 
Fuit, he was, or has been, 

£ro, / will, or shall be. 
« . S thou wilt, or shall be, 
' } you will or shall be. 
erit, he will, or shall be. 

Rem. — Was and were in speaking of an incomplete or continued 
ict or state, are rendered by eram, eras, erat ; but when an act or 
.tate completely past is referred to, was and were are rendered by fui, 
c uisti, fuit. Under all other circumstances, was and were may be ren- 
lered either by the imperfect eram, eras, erat, ox by tne -pexfectfui, fuisti, 
e uit indifferently. Was and were, however, like other forms of the verb 
o be, are often dropped in Latin. (See Bern. Ex. 64.) 

Infelix eram. Felix eras. Stagnans erat aqua. Consul 

fui. Praetor fuisti. Urbs magna fuit. Dux vester ego 

3ro. Semper eris pauper, Acerra, si pauper es. Yirtus 

3st seterna. Medicus erat vir jiberalis, et fidus amicus. 

Napoleon Primus imperator illustris fuit, Napoleon Tertius 

Imperator moderatus est. Mercator quidem civis erat 

!< bonus, nam erat homo sequabuis, Justus et generosus. Bea- 

• tusne frater est tuus ? Conscientia grave pondus est. Soror 

,ntua adhuc est valde tristis. Miles est necessarius quando 

bellum est. Amicitia nostra antiqua est et firma. Vita 

H'mea est misera, seger enim semper sum. Quando homo 

j'laeger est, rarb beatus est aut contentus. Bex nimis belli- 

j„cosus nunquam omnino est beatus. Is quidem non est me- 



60 aun's method* 

rit6 felix, qui non Justus est ethonestus. Ita sum afflictus, 
ut nemo imquani. 

97. 



Pcticcns (adj.), reticent, dose. 
Ingens (adj.), huge, prodigious. 
elegans (adj.), eligible, elegant, 
]S T 6cens (adj.), hurtful, guilty. 
Innocens (adj.), innocent, guiltless. 
Paulo (adj. fy adv.), a little, some' 

what. 
Par (adj.), equal, like. 
Impar (adj.), unequal, unlike. 
opus (adj.), needful, necessary. 
Expers (adj.), without, void. 
eldquens (adj.) eloquent. 



Excellens (adj.), excelling, excel 

lent, worthy, extraordinary, 
Hebes (adj.), blunt, dull. 
Plus (adj. & adv.), more. 
Simplex (adj.), simple, single. 
Loquax (adj.), talkative. 
amans (adj,), affectionate. 
Potens (adj.), powerful. 
Sagax (adj.), sagacious. 
Violens (adj.), violent. 
Frequens (adj.), populous. 
Imprudens (adj.), imprudent. 



I was indeed too violent. The master was certainly toe 
severe. Where were you ? The boy will perhaps be a man 
I will be jouv teacher. I have been very wretched. Yoi 
have not been so diligent as I. The old man has been more 
active, than the youth. If you are silly now, Acerra, you wil 
always be silly. Is the number equal or unequal ? The en 
terprise is doubtful and a little imprudent. The dress ii 
elegant, but it is not durable. Clemency is an excellent anc 
gracious virtue. The girl is affectionate but somewhat talka 
tive. The consul was guilty, the prsetor innocent. Ever^ 
powerful state is not great and opulent. The dog is a saga 
cious and faithful animal. One mind is simple, another crafty 
The wind is high, but not violent. Home is a very large anc 
populous city. The general is a weak and infirm old man 
but nevertheless, he is very proud and haughty 



98, 
Jucundus, a, urn, 2 "! 

Lretus, a, um, 3 \ merry, gay, cheerful, pleasing} 
Hilaris, e.* J 

Grandis, e, great, large, grand, sublime. 
Magnus, a, um, large, great, tall, high, loud. 
Dexter, tra, trum (or tera, terum), right, propitious. 
Sinister, tra, trum, left, unlucky. 
Inclytus, a, um, of great renown, noble, glorious, 
Tranquillus, a, um, tranquil, calm^ peaceful. 
Rectus, a, um, right, straight, acute, clear. 
Laboriosus, a, um, laborious, fatiguing, irksome. 
Consecratus, a, um, consecrated, dedicated^ sacred. 






FIRST LATIK COURSE. 



61 



Rem.— (1) Anything that delights the mind or creates joy, is said 
to be jucundus or hilaris ; anything that is grateful or acceptable is 
said to be gratus, and anything that is pleasing to the sight or feelings, 
is said to be Icetus, and sometimes amcenus. 

(2) Jucundus, besides the meanings given, stands for jocund, joyful, 
jolty, pleasant, delightful, lively, agreeable, interesting, amusing, 

(3) Lcetus, besides answering to most meanings of jucundus, stands 
also for glad, frolicsome, joyous, flourishing, smiling, brisk, and in 
speaking of cattle, fat, or in good condition, and of flowers, for bloom- 
ing or brilliant in hue. 

(4) Hilaris^ besides many of the meanings of jucundus, stands for 
jovial, sportive, blithsome, and mirthful. 

Tellus fertilis et lseta est. Lsetus sum, si felix es. Amicus 
meus minime est lsetus. Magister meus homo est jucundus. 
Tota historia jucunda est et utilis. XJt illud est jucundum, 
sic hoc est molestum. Sum hilaris, sed tu tristis es. Prater 
meus non est hilaris, nam familiaris est tuus. Si enim 
unum amicus est tristis, alter hilaris plerumque non est. 
Ego sum hilaris et soror mea etiam est hilaris, sed frater 
meus semper est tristis. Populus ilia magna est et gracilis. 
Yox tua magna est, sed grata. Ventus magnus est et vio- 
lens. ./Etas tua non est tarn grandis quam mea. Poeta 
magnus saepe est grandis. Seges haec grandis est, altera 
parva. Corvus niger simstrum est auspieium. Sinistra 
manus mea non est tarn longa quam dextra. Imperator 
vester vir est inclytus, et princeps valde illustris. 



99. 



Europa (/.), Europe. 
Asia (/.), Asia. 
Britannia (/.), Britain. 
Brito (m.), a Briton. 
Anglia (/.), England. 
Hi hernia (/.), Ireland. 
Slcilia (/.), Sicily. 
Palseopolis (/.), Palceopolis. 
Keapolis (/.), Naples. 
Londlnurn (n.), London. 
Homerus (m.), Homer. 
Vireilius (m.), Virgil. 



Socrates (m.), Socrates. 
Attieus (m.), Atticus. 
Alexander (m.), Alexander, 
Xerxes (m.), Xerxes. 
Epaminondas (m.), Epaminondas. 
Themistocles (m.), Themistocles. 
Catalina (m.), Catalina. 
Philippus (m.), Philip. 
Carolus (m.), Charles. 
Chremes (m.), Chr ernes. 
Semiramis (/.), Semiramis. 
Xantippe (/.), Xantippe. 



62 



AHN S METHOD. 



I am glad and happy. Europe is not so large as Asia. 
Chromes is my only son. Xantippe was a passionate and 
irascible woman. Ireland is a beautiful and productive island. 
Catalina was a wicked and detestable fellow. London is a 
large and opulent, but not a fine city. Socrates was a pious 
and righteous philosopher. Alexander the Great was a re- 
markable prince, but not a well-disciplined man. Every 
Briton is not a prudent citizen. Epaminondas was a noble 
and illustrious commander. The island of Sicily is not so 
fertile as Britain. Atticus was a learned man and a faithful 
friend. Charles is much more industrious than Philip. Xerxes 
was a king of great renown, and a most enlightened man. 
England is an opulent and flourishing country. "When Themis- 
tocles was in a manner a boy, he was very prudent and saga- 
cious. Virgil was not so eminent a poet as Homer. The 
city of Pakeopolis was not so populous as Naples is. 

100. 



wo/, 1 no. 



Nunc (adv.), now. 
Tunc (adv.), then. 
Mox (adv.), soon. 
Hodie (adv.), to-day. 
Cras (adv.), to-morrow. 
Heri (adv.), } . , 
mre(adv.),\ y esterda *- 
Quotidie (adv.), \ ,« Prvdav dailv 
Indies (adv.), I €JSry * ay > ™ Uy 
Procul (adv.), far. 
Quoties (adv.), as often as. 
Quantum (adv.), as much as. 



Ne (adv.), 1 
Haud (adv.), j 
Antea (adv.), 

Ante (adv.), \> before. 

Antequarn (adv.), _ 
Postquam (adv.), after. 
Diu (adv.), long. 
Diutius (adv.), longer 
Sernel (adv.), once. 
Quorsum (adv.), to what end. 
Hiccine ? (adv.), here ? 
item (adv.), so, again, also. 

Rem — (1) Not is rendered by ne, only with verbs in the imperative 
or subjunctive moods. Haud is mostly used before adjectives and ad- 
verbs, it is more emphatic than non, and sometimes has the power of 
such English locutions, as not very, certainly not, surely not, by no 
means. 

Ne esto piger. Parva formica haud incauta et non in- 
felix est. Diu satis durus pater fui. Tu non beatus es, 
nam semper es otiosus. Ille qui non est humanus, homo 
non est. Nunc homo es, mox eris pulvis. Hiccine sum an 
non ? Ubi tunc eras ? Ceelum nunc serenum est. Quotidie 
filius legit meus. Erat tunc dementia, nunc nulla est. 
Tu diutius otiosus fuisti quam ego. Qui non est hodie, 
cras minus negotiosus erit. Mercator nunc sum, miles ant£ 



- FIBST LATIK COURSE. 63 

fui. Postquam rex victus fuit, plerumque prudens est. 
Quod heri lapis aspera erat, hodie nobile signuin est. Nunc 
vel imbellis miles utilis est, antea non item. Nulla regina 
erat tarn fortis tamve audax quam Semiramis. Homo qui 
non Justus est, non est beatus, si igitur princeps non justu3 
est, plerumque est miser. 



101. 



Disce're, to learn. 
Dbcere, to teach. 
edere, to eat. 
Bib ere, to drink. 
YlvSre, to live. 
Mori, to die. 
P#rire, to perish. 
Err are, to err. 
Currere, to run. 



Cognoscere, to know, detect. 
Impedlre, to hinder or impede. 
Colribere, to restrain, 
Prodere, to betray, 
Afferre, to bring, 
Scribere, to write. 
Dare, to give. 
Accipgre, to receive. 
]\Iitescere, to be relieved. 



Is the weather fine ? Have you been a diligent girl ? Is the 
old man wretched ? The house is not built, is it ? You are 
well, are you not ? Is the water pure, or not ? I think, you 
think, and the master thinks. The judge sees and hears. 
What have you to eat ? The first virtue is to restrain vice. 
To give is easy, to receive difficult. It is more agreeable to 
learn, than to teach. Whilst there is life, there is hope. This 
food is admirably prepared. The king is very sad, I know 
not wherefore. Falsehood is a most disgraceful thing. Home 
was then a very populous city, but it is not so now. Your 
brother was then veiy ill, but he is well now. Your king is 
a remarkable man, and your queen is not less singular. This 
work is useful, but the other was a great deal more amus- 
ing. 

102. 

Laudandus, a, um, 1 to be praised, praiseworthy. 2 

Yituperandus, a, um, to be rebuked, reprehensible? 

Expeteudus, a, um, to be desired, desirable. 

Legendus, a. um, to be read, readable, worth reading. 

Eximius, a, um, eminent, remarkable, unparalleled. 

ineptus, a, um, improper, impertinent, awkward, thoughtless, silly, 

Conjunctus, a, um, joined together , frank, familiar ', sociable, 

Tantus, a, um, so much, so great. 

Quantus, a, um, as much, how much, how great. 



64 Alltt S METHOD. 

Qubtus, a, lira, how much, how large, what, of what, 
Medius, a, urn, 4 middle, midst, the middle of. 
Reliquus, what is left, the rest, the rest of. 

Hem. — (1) The words laudandus, vituperandus, expetendus, and 
legendus, having the power of verbs as well as adjectives, are properly 
participles, but are technically termed gerundives, and sometimes jmr~ 
ticiples in dus. These words express the English auxiliaries should, 
ought, and must, thus : 

Laudandus est, he ought, should, or must be praised. ^ 

Vituperandus est, he ought, should, or must be blamed. 

Expetendus est, it ought, should, or must be desired. 

Legendus est, it ought, should, or must be read* 

As regards these meanings of the participle in dus, it will be observed 
that he is to be praised, ought to be praised, and is praiseworthy ', 
convey as nearly as possible the same notion. 

(2) Laudandus also stands for worthy of praise and commendable. 

(3) Vituperandus likewise answers to worthy of blame or censure, 
blameworthy. 

(4) English substantives that relate to quantity or position, as the 
whole, the rest, the beginnvig, the foot, the top, the end, the middle, 
when followed by the preposition of and another noun, are generally 
rendered in Latin by an adjective agreeing with its noun, as universa 
Gra?cia, the whole of Greece ; reliquum opus, the rest of the work ; 
prima sapientia, the beginning of wisdom ; summus raons, the top of 
the mountain ; ima quercus, the foot of the oak; extremus liber, the 
end of the book ; medius apparatus, the middle of the entertainment. 
Under such circumstances the adjective usually precedes the noun. 

Quota hora est ? Quanta pecunia est ? Tantum otium est 
turpe. Si diligentia tua est tanta, cur nunc es otiosus ? 
Quorsum tanta peena ? Servus fidelis laudandus est. Filia 
proba laudanda est. Puer piger vituperandus est. Men- 
dacium est vituperandum. Yituperanda est incuria. Bonus 
liber legendus est. Liber qui non est bonus, non legendus 
est. Is liber legendus est, qui bonus est et utilis. Hie 
liber legendus est, bonus enim est et utilis. Pax plerumque 
laudanda est. Bellum non semper laudandum. est. Disci- 
pulus meus omnino laudandus est. Nihil magis laudan- 
dum est quam virtus. Culpa tua non admodum vituperanda 
est. Onmis homo honestus merito laudandus est. Multa 
pecunia non semper expetenda est. Si tu semper es piger 
non es puer laudandus. Tota Sicilia insula vaide fertilis 



PIEST LATIN COURSE. 



65 



est, sed media insula maxim e fructuosa est. Quiim juvenis 
felix erat Philippus, sed reliqua vita sua erat misera. 



103. 



perlculuni 1 (n.), danger. 

vinculum (n.), a bond. 

ccena 2 (/•), dinner, supper 

pomum in.'). ) ; , 

-i / \ ? an apple. 6 
malum (n.), $ rr 

navis (/.), a ship. 

nauta {m.)j a sailor. 

turris (/.), a tower, 

virga (/.), a twig. 

arbor (/.).} ' 

arbos (/.), S 

alnus (/.), an alder (tree). 

uva (/•)? a 9 7 'ape, or cluster 

grapes. 



of 



agricola (m.), a husbandman, a 

peasant. 
defensor (m.), an advocate. 
a varus (m.), a miser. 
orator (m.), an orator, 
sapientia (/.), wisdom, 
prudentia (/,), prudence. 
doctrma (/.), learning, education. 
caritas (/.), affection, charity, 
opus (n.), need, occasion. 
def Initio (/.), a definition. 
unguentum (n.), a perfume. 
Gailus (m.) 9 a cock, also a Gaul, 

or Frenchman. 



Rem. — (1) Nouns in idum sometimes are written without the penult 
u, as perlculum or per iclum 3 vinculum or vinclum. 

(2) The coena was a set meal amongst the Eomans answering to 
both our dinner and supper. The prandium was a meal taken at 
noon, and corresponds rather with our breakfast than dinner. 

(3) The word apple is most properly rendered by malum ; pomum 
stands for apple, pear, orange, or any fruit that grows on trees, with 
the exception of nuts. 

An idle boy ought to be rebuked. Friendship is a pleasing 
bond. Every tree lias been a twig. A little prudence is 
always needful. No poet was ever a great orator. A heavy 
supper is not wholesome. A miser rarely is an upright man. 
An apple though ripe is generally tart. This pear, though 
small, is very delicious. I never was a soldier, I am a hus- 
bandmau. The alder is not so slender as the poplar. A pru- 
dent and daring advocate, is a useful citizen. So much 
negligence indeed is very disgraceful. The tower is not so high 
as the wall. One man is grave, another gay. If the definition 
is obscure, the rule is useless. The first ship was a hollow 
tree. When the sky is calm, the sailor is merry. Charity is 
a beautiful and beneficent virtue. Where there is wisdom, 
there, there is education. A3 that perfume is luscious, so the 
other is hideous. What danger is so deceitful as pleasure ? 



66 aiin's METHOD. 






104. 

\ r 6lo, I will, wish, want, choose, like, desire. 

Sthou wilt, wishest, wantest, choosest, likest, desirest 
7 ^ you will y wish, want, choose, like, desire. 
vult, he wills, wishes, wants, chooses, likes, desires. 
vblebam, I willed, wished, ivanted, chose, liked, desired. 
oi-i J thou willedst, wishedst, wantedst, etc. 

' \ you willed, wished, wanted, chose, liked, desired, 
volebat, he willed, wished, wanted, chose, liked, desired. 

Volo sanus esse, sed semper seger sum. Tu non vis doc- 
tus esse, nam non es diligens. Frater meus vult doctus esse, 
sed nimis est negligens. Volebam miles esse, sed tamen 
mercator sum. Dives esse volebas, cur adhuc pauper es ? 
Filius discere volebat meus, sed nimis piger est. Fortuna 
dea est mendax. Liber magnus non semper est tarn utilis 
quam liber parvus. Homo dives saepe minus est Maris 
quam homo pauper. Res tarn nefaria, tarn scelesta, tarn 
atrox, est infamis. Quando tempus adversum est, negotium 
raro est secundum. Homo seger non semper est miser, nam 
qui pius est semper est contentus, et qui est contentus nun- 
quam omnino est miser. Virtus est sua merces. 1 Tu non 
es tarn prudens quam frater tuus. Vicinus 2 vir temperans 
est et moderatus. 

Rem. — (1) Sua merces, its own reward. The Latin possessive pro- 
nouns have the power of the English particle own, as, meus liber, my 
own hook ; sua merces, its own reward, 

(2) Yicinus est, my neighbour is. The English possessives, my, thy, 
your, his, her, its, their, may be omitted in Latin, whenever no doubt 
is likely to arise' as to the person implied. 



105. 



Formosus, 1 a, urn, beautif id, hand- 
some. 

Bellus, a,um, pretty, good-looking. 

Pgritus, a, um, skilful* expert. 

Imperltus, a, um, unskilful, igno- 
rant. 

Versutus, a um, wily, evasive. 



Invisus, a, um, unseen, hated. 
A bsurdus, a,um, ridiculous, absurds 
Hodiernus, a,um,of to-day, modern. 
Delectus, a, um, delighted, pleased 
Conqulsltus, a, um, exquisite. 
ammosus, a, um, spirited. 
Perterritus, a, um, frightened. 



FIEST LATIN COTJBSE. 67 



Amicus, a, urn, friendly, 
inlmicus, a, urn, hostile. 
parvulus, a, um, tiny. 
Ignarus, a, um, ignorant. 
Timidus, a, um, timid. 
a varus, a, um, covetous. 



Sincerus, a, um, sincere. 
Sanctus, a, um. holy. 
Deceptus, a, um, deceived. 
Suspectus, a, um, suspected, 
Umbrosus, a, um, shady. 
Modestus, a, um, modest. 

Rem. — (1) Formosus means beautiful, as regards form; pulcher 
refers to both physical and mental beauty. 

Vice is its own punishment. My brother is handsome, and 
my sister amiable. My neighbour is skilful, but his servant 
unskilful. Your horse is spirited, but mine is timid. A shady 
bank is my delight. Every man is not upright, pious, and 
affable. An evasive definition is generally absurd. Modern 
dress is by no means graceful. A covetous man is deservedly 
wretched. If you wish to be expert, be diligent. I am de- 
lighted, for this news is true. A man who is not sincere, is 
never a true friend. The consul was friendly but the prsetor 
was unfriendly. I am easily deceived, but not easily fright- 
ened. The girl is good-looking, graceful, and modest. A 
crafty man is deservedly suspected and hated. The tiny 
sparrow is neither ignorant nor heedless. Your queen is 
grave, but your king is gay. A severe law, if just, is not to 
be censured. How exquisite this wine is ! 

106. 

Me, me, myself, 

Te, thee or you ; thyself or yourself, 

Se, himself, herself itself one's self. 

Tu me vides. Ego te audio. Volebam me cohibere* 
Volebas te cohibere. Imperator se cohibere volebat. Puer 
animosus nunquam est timidus. Quum fuit juvenis, Themis* 
tocles valde animosus erat. Ilia parva puella, quee hie erat, 
soror est mea. Non omnis dux peritus homo est formosus. 
Tota vita mea est misera, nam semper seger sum. Non 
omnis orator est grandis, nee omnis defensor audax. Coelum 
neque omnino obscurum est, nee ornnino serenum. Hoc 
animal non est tam crudele, quam ille homo. Societas 
humana non semper erat tam felix, quam nunc est. Virtus 
nobilis et regia est dementia. Rex tuus est superbus et 
imperiosus, sed regina tua benigna est et modesta. Anima 



68 ahk's method. 

est salva, sed corpus non est salvuin. Si bonus dominus 
laudandus est, bonus etiam servus est laudandus. Quis me 1 
vult? 

Rem. — (1) Quis me vult ? Who wants me ? Governed or depend- 
ent words generally precede those that govern them, hence the accu- 
sative personal pronouns me, te, se, are usually placed before the verb. 
(For other personal pronouns, see Bern. Ex. 90, and for further rules 
relative to the position of words, see Rem. Ex. 92.) 

107. 

j sharp, keen, sour, I Pedester, tris, tre, on foot, 



acer, ens, ere, -J ,.,* ' . > 
7 ( bitter, vigorous, 

Celer, eris, ere, swift, rapid. 

Volucer, cris, ere, winged, swift. 

Celeber, bris, bre, famous, cele- 
brated. 

Saluber, bris, bre, salubrious, 
wholesome. 



equester, tris, tre, on horseback. 
alacer, cris, ere, brisk, lively. 
Paluster, tris, tre, marshy. 
Sylvester, tris, tre, woodland, 
Campester, tris, tre, arable, rustic, 
champaign, pastoral. 



Hem. — The eleven adjectives named above, are of both two and three 
terminations, thus, acer has for mas, acer, fem. acris, neut. acre, or for 
mas. and fem. acris, neut. acre. This arises from the form in cm being 
sometimes used with masculine as well as with feminine nouns. 

Your book pleases me. That news delights you. I wish 
to teach myself. You wish to teach yourself. The boy wishes 
to teach himself. I see you plainly enough. Clemency is 
often sublime. This wine is tart as well as sour. Fortune is 
a winged goddess. A swift flight is sometimes needful. A 
marshy country is rarely salubrious. One statue is on foot, 
the other on horseback. The author is celebrated, "but th< 
book is useless. Your horse is a lively and spirited animal 
A vigorous judgment is generally a wise counsellor. Thi; 
region is woodland, the other arable. Every boy is no 
wicked, nor is every girl prudent. The son is handsome, and 
the daughter amiable and good-looking. My neighbour id 
a husbandman, but I am a soldier. A proud and imperious 
man, is rarely a prudent king. The poplar is tall and slender 
the alder thick and short. Though the old man was some- 
what covetous, yet he was by no means a bad citizen. 

108. 



I! 
|]| 

fe'ei 
Vetus 



\ 

w 
I - 

id' 
(Iir - 



jam (adv.), now, just now, presently, at present. 
amplius (adv.), further, longer, more. 
6t?nam (adv.), O that ! would! would that I 



WEST LATIN COTTKSE. 



69 



inde (adv.), thence ; from the place where. 
ll S 2Z%% } ^oeforward, after W,, in future. 
statim (adv.), forthwith, by and by. 
quondam (adv.), in time past, heretofore. 
olim (adv.), once, formerly, at one time. 

ve>6 (adl 8f conj.) } in trutk > verikj > indeed J usil V> reaU V* 
I facllius (adv.) easier, more easily. 

Nunc ego, statim tu. Posthac esto magis industrius. 
Divis facilius perterritus quam miles. Ripa umbrosa multo 
ne delectat. Judex Justus et probus, vir est venerabilis. 
Socrates philosophus erat clarus et v r ir magnus. Jam seges 
3st, ubi presidium fuit. Olim nauta fui, nunc miles sum. 
Vinum acre olim erat, sed jam est dulce. Urbs magna et 
frequens quondam fuit Roma. Judex crudelis non amplius 
homo est, sed bellua ferox. Is solus vere beatus est, qui 
:>mnino est honestus. Si tu vera inimicus es suus, tu non es 
amicus rneus. Ager sylvestris non tarn lructuosus est quam 
uampestris. Palaeopolis fuit hand procul inde nunc Nea- 
; polis sita est. Satis semel sum 1 deceptus. Sat miser est 
qui semel est 2 miser. Adhuc tranquilla res est. Annus 
ijam filius mens seger est. 

Rem. — (1). Satis semel sum deceptus, literally enough (if) I am once 

'deceived, i. e. it is enough if I have been once deceived. 

1 (2) Qui semel est miser, literally who is once wretched, i. e. who has 

iljEEN once wretched. "With semel, jam, adhuc, and some other adverbs, 

tithe English perfect tense (I have been) is rendered in some constructions 

e by the Latin present (/ am). 

109. 



j?, Malum («.), an evil* 
Bonum 1 (n.), good, a blessing, 
."Scientia (/.), knowledge, science. 
Vefustas (/.), age, antiquity. 
La^na (/.), a cloak. 
Toga (/.), a gown, or toga. 
s 'Miiniticentia (/•) liberality. 
Benevolentia (/.), benevolence. 
Adversaries (m.), an antagonist. 
Geometiia (/.), geometry. 
Horreum (n.), a barn, granary* 
Mea (/.), an olive, an olive tree. 



Perfugium (n,),a refuge. 

Solatium (n.), a comfort. 

Umbra (/.), a shadow. 

Ortus (m.), rising, sunrise. 

obitus (m.), setting, sunset. 

Ilonos (m.), ) , 

XT ) \ [honour. 

Honor (m.), j 

Sbur (m.), ivory. 

Agger (m.), a mound. 

Radix (/.), a root. 

Moles tia (/.), trouble. 

Numen (?i.), a deity. 



70 ahn's method. 

Rem.— (1). Malum and bonum are properly the neuter forms of tli 
adjectives malusamd bonus, the noun negotium being understood ; thu 
malum negotium would signify a bud affair or thing ; so malum alon 
stands for mischief \ wickedness, and evil in geiferal. The neuters of othe 
adjectives are used in the same way to express substantively the qualit 
implied ; thus, from sUdbus, foolish* comes stultum,/o% ; from parvu 
little, parvum a little. 

War is a great evil. Peace is a great blessing. Idlenes 
ought to be rebuked. Liberality is to be praised. Ever 
book ought not to be read. A diligent boy is a praiseworth- 
pupil. Geometry is a useful science. As the body is, so i 
the shadow. So much honour is a great reward. A thic 
cloak is a useful garment. What so hateful as tyranny 
Grief is a bitter antagonist. The sunrise is sometimes beau 
tiful, the sunset often sublime. A man who is really pious i 
never base. No virtue is more commendable than charitjj 
The island of Sicily was in time past very productive. Wher 
this city now is, there was formerly a forest. Though th 
building itself really is small, yet the granary is most spacious 
The mound, though broad, is not so high as the garden wall 



110. 

at (conj.), \ \ 

sed (conj.), j 

verum (conj.), > but. 

vero (conj.) \ 

autem (conj.), j 

Bem.— The English conjunction oh* when used in distinguishing 
threatening, objecting* answering, and similar notions ; or, when usee 
in the sense of yet is rendered by at ; under other circumstances, whei 
but is an adversative particle, it is rendered by sed, verum, verb or autem 
The chief difference of these words consists in verb and autem increas- 
ing the force of the contrast, and in these two particles being always 
placed after some other word of the sentence. 

Pater est miles, at frater est mercator. Liber est parvu; 
at utilis est. Bellum est malum, at interdum necessarium 
Servus est piger, sed serva est diligens. Filia est negotiosa 
filius verum otiosus. Hseo astas est brevis ; quae ver6 seta; 
est longa ? Puer interdum malus est, puella autem sempe:; 
bona. Conjunctio autem ssepe idem est quod sed. Nullus 
ventus est tarn gratus quam zephyrus. Non omnis laus lau 
danda est. Frater ssepius vcrsutus est quam soror. Si vi^ 



i 
rs 
it 
Ii 






FISST LATIN COUHSE. 



71 



micus esse meus, ne esto mendax. Adhuc in are tranquil- 
um est et ventus lenis. Senex non soltim urbanus erat, sed 
tiam generosus. Nomen ssepe inclytum est, quamquam. 
.uctor est obscurus. Homo qui pauper est et segrotus, valde 
:st miserabilis. Sum vere felix, nam nlius est assiduus et 
aligens. Usee regio olim valde sterilis nunc omuino est 
ertilis. Quando ssger sum, non sum leetus, sed quidem 
niser- 

111. 



Phocion (*??.), Phocion. 
Diogenes (m.), Diogenes. 
Caesar (wi.), Ccesar. 
Croesus (m.), Croesus. 
Hebrus (/».), The Hebrus. 
Troja (/.), Troy. 
Carthago (/.), Carthage. 
Segesta (/.), Segesta. 
Megara (/.), Me gar a. 
Hierosolyma (/.), Jerusalem. 
Syracuse (/.), Syracuse. 
Cyprus (/.), Cyprus. 



Solon (w.), Solon. 

Oicfcro (m.\ Cicero. 

Brennus (m.), Brennus. 
1 Popilh:^ (m.) 9 Popilius. 

Marcellns Cm.), Marccllus. 
tpCyrus (»?.), Cyrus. 
qitfiltfedes (m.), Miltiades. 
M V erres (m . ) , Verres. 
uj Ulysses (m.) t Ulysses. 
I rarquinius (m.), Tarquin. 
"Pelopidas (m.). Pelopidas. 

Tphi crates (m.), Ip hi crates. 

I am a soldier, but my brother is a sailor. This wine is not 

only tart but sour also. The general was not daring, but he 

was brave. Atticus was somewhat unsteady, but he was a 

faithful friend. The old man is generally healthy, but he is 

ill now. Croesus was a rich, but not a fortunate king. Troy 

was at one time a great and powerful city. Iphicrates was 

an illustrious general and an upright man. The Hebrus is a 

1 very rapid and beautiful river. Tarquin was a proud and 

"haughty king. The island of Cyprus is not so productive as 

'Sicily. Diogenes was an eccentric philosopher, but a very 

; learned man. The city of Syracuse was in time past very 

stately and magnificent. Ulysses was a celebrated king, and 

f a sagacious counsellor. Pelopidas was a commander of great 

.renown, and an honourable man. Although Caesar was q 

powerful ruler, he was also an eminent author. 

i . u2 - 

- NS (enclitic), or. 1 

ac (conj.), as, than. 
atque (conj.) } as, especially, and t/et i than 



72 



AHN S METJ10D. 



Qiiin {conj.), that, but that, why not ? 
Sin 2 {conj.), but if, if not. 
Turn {conj.) then, at that time, as much. 
Quamvis {conj.), albeit, although, very much, 
Qutid {conj.), that, as, because, whereas, 

Rem. — (1). JVe only stands for or when whether is expressed or 
understood in the sentence, and corresponds exactly with an used under 
similar conditions. (See Hem. 3, Ex. 82 ) 

(2) Shi is used for si non, but only in the second clause of a com- 
pound sentence. 

Est hsec tua sententia, necne r Estne ipse, an non est 1 
Non aliter puto, ac dico. Nemo est quin id credat. Quin 
iu legis ? Frater est miser seque atque ego. Tarn sum 
homo quam tu. Primutn hie flos est albus, turn ruber est. 
Pax quum jucimda, turn salutaris est. Quamvis audacter, 
quamvis impudenter, tamen beue dicit. Si bonus es, scelus 
sum, sin secus, homo sum honestus. Carthago fuit, sed non est. 
Brennus dux erat felix, sed homo durus et iniquus. Cicero 
orator erat clarus, defensor audax et auctor locuples. Yerres 
legatus erat prsestans, sed non Justus erat homo. Urbs 
Boma minime tarn antiqua est quam Hierosolyma. Milti- 
ades non solum dux fuit insignis, sed etiam civis probus. 
Urbs Segesta non erat tarn magna tamve frequens quam 
Megara. Quamquam Cyrus rex et imperator erat maguus, 
erat etiam agricola et philosophus. 



113. 



iEdis (/.), ) 
Fanum {?i.), >a temple. 1 
Templum {n), ) 
Llbertas (/.), liberty, 
Yaletudo (/.), health. 
educatio (/.), education. 
Vulnus (n.), a wound. 
Digitus («.), the finger. 
Tigris (/.), a tiger. 
Pin us (/.), a pine {tree). 
Fraxinus (/.), an ash {tree). 
Hosa (/), a rose. 



Poema (n.), a poem. 
Sacerdos {e.g.), a priest or priestess, 
Fama {f.)fame, reputation. 
Caput {n.), the head, also a capital, 
Liidus (m.), play, sport. 
No vitas (/•), newness, novelty. 
Fons {m.), a fountain* a sourct* 
Vail is (/.), a valley, a dale. 
Vallum {n.), a trench, or ditch. 
Campus (ra.), a plain, a camp. 
Legislator (m.), a legislator. 
Comjuiatus {m t ), a conspirator. 



Bem. — (1) Templum is a building specially dedicated to public 
worship ; fanum properly a piece of consecrated ground, but is used 



FIRST LATIN COUUSK. 



73 



metaphorically for any edifice that may be erected on such ground ; 
aedis properly signifies that section of a building which contains the 
statue of the household god or goddess, and so answers in some respects 
to our word chapel, but it likewise stands for any building, and answers 
to structure or edifice, and is sometimes used instead of domus to ex- 
press the place where one dwells, but in this last sense the plural fo>rm 
of the word only is used. 

r Is this your book or not? Popilius was an ungrateful fel- 
low. Where is Marcellus ? A temple is a consecrated 
edifice. The chapel is lofty and spacious. The palace is a 
magnificent structure. Formerly a timid man was never safe. 
Every rich man is not liberal and munificent. The ditch is 

j broad, but not deep. The valley is rugged and quite barren. 
The plain is by no means so large as the forest. Robust 
health is a great blessing. The wound is severe, but by no 
means dangerous. No flower is so beautiful or so sweet as 
the rose. Catalina was an atrocious and detestable conspira- 
tor. My neighbour is somewhat covetous, albeit a good citi- 
zen. JSTo wild beast is so cruel and ferocious as the tiger. 
A good reputation is better than honour. The fountain was 
not far from where Syracuse now is. Solon was not only a 

: great legislator, but also a just and humane man. 



Dico, I say, speak, or tell. 
Dicis J thou sa y est > etc - or > 



} you say, speak, or tell. 
Dicit, he says, speaks, or tells. 
Dixi, I said, spoke, or told. 
yy • ,. \thou saidsti etc., or, 

\ you said, spoke, told. 
Dixit, he said, spoke, or told. 
-r.- „. \ it is said. 

I>Itltur ' {it is called. 
agitur, it is in danger. 
elicitur, it is struck out. 
Videtur, it seems, or appears. 
Premit, it afflicts. 



114. 

Yenio, 
Yenis, < 



I come. 

thou comest, or 
you come. 

Yenit, he comes. 

Yeni, / came. 

T7 - . .. f thou earnest i 
Venisti, i 

' [ you came. 

Yenit, he came. 

Comedit, he eats. 

Observat, he observes. 

Latet, it lies hid. 

Patet, it lies open. 

Fiirit, it is raging. 

Ardet, it is on fir t. 



Me simulacrum esse dixisti. 1 Te simulacrum esse dixi. 

; Se simulacrum esse dixit. Otium esse vitium puto. Rex 

belium esse necessarium putat. Consilium meum esse malum 

dixisti. Res tua agitur. Haec res tristis me premit. 



71 ahn's method. 

Domus mea ardet. Ventus saluber zephyrusest. Marcel- 
lus dux erat peritus et amicus fidelis. Non omnis hoino 
clarus, etiam pius est et honestus. TJter est flos, qui hyacin- 
thus dicitur? Films unicus discipulus diligensesse dicitur 
tuus. Xantippe mulier valde iracunda fuisse dicitur. Eor- 
tasse mulier nou fuit Xantippe tarn iracunda quam fuisse 
dicitur. Auctor est celeber, sed liber ejus non est quoque 
laudandus. Dolor acer adversarius esse videtur. Cicero 
magnus ille orator et defensor audax, paulo timidus fuisse 
videtur. 

Rem. — Me simulacrum esse dixisti, literally me a spectre to be 
you said, i. e. you said that / was a spectre. When the particle that 
can be turned into who or which, it is a relative pronoun ; otherwise 
it is a conjunction equivalent to quod or tit. In English as well as 
Latin, the conjunction used under such circumstances may be dropped 
by putting the verb in the infinitive and the noun or pronoun in the 
accusative case, as he thinks himself to be for he thinks that he 
is. The Latin idiom is very partial to this construction, and it is 
often used when inadmissible in English, as dixit se esse, he said him- 
self to be, for he said that he was ; so, gaudeo te bene* valere for 
gaudeo quod tu bgne' vales, I am glad (that) you are well. (See also 
Eem. 1, Ex. 50.) 

115. 

Mftrf, to me, for me. I Nobis, to us, for us. 

Tibj, to thee, to you (sing.) j Vobis, to you (plu.)for you. 

Rem.— To you is rendered by tibi when a single person is referred 
to, and by vobis when two or more persons are addressed. (See Eem. 
Ex. 38, and Rem. 1, Ex. 106.) 

The paternal soil is dear to me. Your brother is very un- 
friendly to us. Is your country dear to you? I think that 
I am a spectre. He thinks that he is a spectre. The boy 
said that the ditch was broad. I said that the wine was tart. 
The middle of the river is very deep. The whole of this book 
is very useful. So much calumny is atrocious. What hour 
is it now ? A crafty man is never a trustworthy friend. An 
eloquent orator is not always a good counsellor^ This is the 
bird, that is called a swallow. Your master is said to be very 
severe. Croesus is said to have been very rich. The old man 
seems to be very frugal. The general seems to have been very 



.PIEST LATIN COURSE. 



75 



expert. Your king is not warlike, but he is prudent and 
acute. "No animal is so swift, sagacious and useful as the 
horse. 



116. 



Scythicus, a, urn, Scythian, 
Lydius, a, urn, Lydian. 
Trojanus, a, urn, Trojan, 
Slcilianus, a, urn, /Sicilian. 
Syracusanus, a, urn, Syracusian. 
Thebanus, a, urn, Theban. 
Germanus, a, urn, German* 
Melltseus, a, urn, Maltese. 
Ephesius, a, urn, Ephesian. 
JEgyptius, a, urn, Egyptian. 
Atheniensis, Athenian. 
Carthaginiensis, Carthaginian. 



Romanus, a. uni, Roman. 1 
Latinus, a, urn, Latin, 
Graecus, a, urn, Greek. 
Brttannus, a, urn, \ British? 
Bntannicus, a, urn, J 
Angjicus, a, urn, \ E m? 
Anglicanus, a, urn, J * 
Afrlcus.a.um, \ African , 
Afncanus, a, urn, J J 
Galllcus, a, urn, French. 
Indlcus, a, urn, Indian* 
Venetleus, a, urn, Venetian, 

Rem.— (1) Local adjectives, that is, those that signify the nation of 
a person or object, are derived from the names of towns, and sometimes 
from the names of countries, as Romanus, Roman, from Roma, Rome ; 
Latinus, Latin, from Latium (a country of ancient Italy). Names of 
towns or countries in us generally form the adjective in ius, as ASgyp- 
tus, ASgyptius ; those in a make anus, as Roma, Romanus ; those in 
ia, acus or Xcus, as Gallia, Galllcus; many, however, make the adjec- 
tive in ensis, as Enna, Ennensis ; and these terminations admit of 
being appended to other endings, as, Zacedcemon, Zacedcsmonius, 
Carthago, Carih aginiensis. 

(2) Some names of countries nave adjectives derived from them 
both in anus, Inus, or acus, Xcus, as Sicilianus, or Siculus, Sicilian. 
The former of these forms is mostly used in speaking of men, and the 
latter in speaking of animals and inanimate objects, as Scipio Africa- 
nus, the African Scipio ; leo Africus, the African lion ; but, urbs 
Sicilian a, a Sicilian city. 

(3) Most local adjectives are used substantively, that is, Romanus 
stands for a Roman, as well as Roman, eo Znglicus is either English 
or an Englishman. Sometimes, however, there is a distinct substan- 
tive to express individuals of a particular nation, in which case either 
the adjective or substantive may be used, as Brito sum, or Britannus 
sum, / am a Briton, but in some instances the noun is to be preferred, 
as Gailus sum (not Gallicns sum), lam a Frenchman. Some names of 
nations have more than one derivative to denote an inhabitant of the 
country; thus Scythia, (originally the country of the Crim Tartars, but 
afterwards the greater part of Northern Asia,) has the derivative Scy- 
thicus, Scytha, and Scythes all signifying a Scythian, but the last form, 
though used by the Roman writers, is properly a Greek word. 

G 2 



76 aun's method. 

Civis Romanus sum. Nonne tu es Africanus ? Cara 
nobis est patria. Gratnsne tibi est hie nuntius ? Unum 
verbum mihi sat est. Estne Siculus tibi molestus ? Veri- 
tas etiamsi jucunda non est, mihi tamen est grata. Brennus 
erat dux Gallicus. Lupus fera Scythica ferox est. 
Chremes juvenis erat Syracusanus. Haec Lingua Anglica 
non est. Lingua Latina valde antiqua est. Nulla lingua 
magis est grata quam Grseca. Segesta urbs erat Siciliana. 
Primus dictator llomanus vir fuit moderatus. Pelopidas 
vir patiens fuit et fortis. Non formosus erat, sed erat fa- 
cundus Ulysses, Nullus flos tarn suavis est quam rosa 
Melitaea. Marcellus fuit otiosus nimis, bonus vero civis. 
Leo Africus non tarn magnus est quam tigris Indica. 
Quum Tarquinius exul erat, Roma adhuc urbs erat magna. 
Epaminondas dux Thebanus fuit inclytus, idem erat pru- 
dens, peritus, liberalis. 

117. 

Scribo, I write, or do write* Scripsi, I wrote, or did write, 

« -,. S thou writest or dost write. ~ . . ,. J thou wrotest, etc. 

'} yon write, or do write. * ' '\ you wrote > or did write. 

Sciibit, he writes, or does write. Scripsit, he wrote, or did write. 

You are a Soman, are you not? I am an English mer- 
chant. Does 1 this book please you? This book does not 
please you, does it? This book pleases you, does it not? 
Does this book please you, or not ? Do you wish to 
restrain yourself r 1 What does the Indian want? The 
African does not hear me. Did you say that? I did 
not say that. What did you say then? You did not say 
that, did you ? Does the boy read ? What does the boy 
read ? How much does the boy read daily ? Does the boy 
read correctly ? The boy reads correctly, does he not? The 
boy does not read correctly yet. Why do you think that? 
Does the Frenchman come every day ? When does he come ? j 
Why does he come? How does he comeP When did the 
master come ? Why did he come ? 

Hem. — (1) Does this book please you ? Tene deledathic liber ? The 
particles do, dost, does, and did, when used in English as auxiliaries 
are not expressed in Latin. A question may be put by simply using the 
interrogative pronoun with the Yerb, thus ; — 






FIBST IATIN COtfESE. 



77 



Cur scribis ? Why do you write ? 
Cur scripsisti ? Why did you write f 
So in negative sentences : — 

Non scribo, i" do not write, 
Non scripsi, / did not write. 
' Wben no interrogative pronoun is used in a question, tbe particles ne, 
num, an, are generally used, under which circumstances they correspond 
in some degree with the English auxiliaries do and did, thus :— 
Scripsistine ? Did you write ? 

Num scripsisti ? Did you write ? or you did not write, did you f 
Nonne scripsisti ? Did you write ? or you did write, did you not ? 
An scripsiti ? Did you write ? or whether did you write or not ? 
(See also Rein, to Ex. 94.) 



118. 



Mor5sus, a, urn, morose, surly, 

Prsecipuus, a, urn, principal, chief. 

Opportunus, a, urn, opportune, 
timely. 

H6noratus, a, um, honoured, es- 
teemed. 

Lsesus, a, um, wounded, wronged. 

Occultus, a, um, hidden, secret. 

Expertus, a, um, expert, skilful. 

Blandus, a, um, bland, caressing. 

Voluptarius, a, um, voluptuous. 

Fluxus, a, um, .flowing, mutable. 

Mutatus, a, um, changed, change- 
able. 



Pravus, a, um, crooked, depraved. 
Vinctus, a, um, bound. 
Rfcniissus, a, um, remiss. 
Festus, a, um, joyful. 
Tardus, a, um, slow. 
Candidus, a, um, white. 
Ssevus, a, um, pitiless. 
Fortunatus, a, urn, fortunate. 
Solidus, a, um, solid, firm. 
Corrnptus, a, um, corrupt. 
Beneficus, a, um, benevolent. 
Mutus, a, um, silent, dumb. 
Expectatus, a, um, expected. 
Inhumatus, a, um, unburied. 



Alius sum, ille non sum. Raro scelesttis 1 est fortunatus. 
Dives non semper est honoratus. Sapiens nunquam est 
voluptarius. Ssepe avarus est saevus. Omnis bonus est fes- 
tus. Plerumque segrotus est morosus. Durus non semper 
est corruptus. Muta valde pauper erat. Mortuus valde 
beneficus erat. Lsesus non semper est mitis. Popilius 
privatus erat non publicus. Omnis est utilis. Omne 3 quod 
scriptum est, non est verum. Quis tarn expertus quam 
frater meus? Quid tarn fragile quam vitrum splendidum. 3 
^sinus animal docile est, paulo autem tardum. Quid putat 
rex ? Quare id putat ? Quid nescit hie puer ? Non me 
delectat hie nuntius. Utrum hoc credis an non ? Satin' 
te plan6 video ? Unus dies est festus, alter tristis. Iphi- 

G 3 



73 



ahn's method. 



crates quamquam romissus mmis, bonus tamen civis fuit. 
Syracusse urbs Siciliana non solum erat pulehra, sed etiam 
admoduin ampla. 

Rem. — (1) Scclestus, a wicked person. In English, adjectives are 
"Used as plural substantives, thus the good, signifies good men ; the rich, 
rich men, and so on. The English idiom, however, does not admit of 
adjectives being used for singular nouns ; a good will not stand tor a 
good man, neither will a rich stand for a rich man; but in Latin, sin- 
gular adjectives are used in this way ; bonus stands for either good or 
a good man ; du?*us for harsh or for a niggardly man ; and dura for 
harsh with a feminine noun, or alone for a niggardly u;oman ; so the 
neuter durum stands for harsh with a neuter noun, or alone for nig~ 
gardliness in general. (See Rem. Ex. 109.) For this reason the nouns, 
man, woman, person, personage, individual^ or ftlluw, when they stand 
after an adjective in English, are usual. y understood in Latin. 

(2) Omne, everything. The adjective omms, when followed by a 
noun stands for all, but when alone, for evtry person or everything, 
according as the noun man or thing is understood. The word thirty is 
very rarely expressed in Latin, except, when by using the adjective 
alone, it might be doubtful whether an animate or inanimate otject is 
implied. Usually when thing is expressed the feminine noun res is 
used, but when omitted, the adjective is put in the neuter to agree with 
negolium. 



119. 



a battle.l 



&cies (/.), 
Pugna (/.). 
Praelium (n.), \ 
Prcelium (n ), J 
Liberalitis (/.). generosity. 
Justitia (/.), justice. 
Pbtestas (/.), power. 
Difficultas (/), difficulty. 
Vbluntas (/.), the wilt. 
Ramus (m.J, a branch. 
Folium (n.), a leaf. 
Majestiis (/.), majesty. 
Dictatura (/.), a dictatorship. 



Ngpos (m.), a grandson, also a 
spena thrift. 

Gubernator (m.), a pilot, a gover- 
nor. 

Turpitudo (/.), dishonesty, guilt. 

e'gestas (/.), indigence, misfortune. 

Infortunium (n.),a mishap. 

Lucrum (?i.), gain, profit. 

FriiiUs (/v.), cold, chillness. 

Sermo (m ), a discourse, advice. 

Prineipium (n.), the beginning. 

Forum («.), a market-place. 

Theatrum («.), a theatre. 



Rem. — (I) The English word battle is rendered by pugna when any 
contest is meant from a single combat to a general engagement, and by 
prcelium, prozlium, or acies, only when an encounter between two 
bodies of troops is implied. The nouns prcelium and prozlium are dif- 
ferent orthographies of the same word, both answering to fight, str\fe t 



PIEST LATIN COTjESE. ?9 

J ot armed contention. Tugna, besides battle, stands for combat, en- 
! counter, skirmish, fray. Acies properly means the sharp point or edge 
of anything, hence it signifies an army drawn out in battle array, and 
is used metaphorically in speaking of the engagement itself. 

A wise man is never idle. A poor man is not always 
wretched. A wronged person is generally pitiless. A guilty 
man is never safe. A sickly person is often surly. A high- 
wayman is generally a daring rascal. The dead icoman was 
a good mother. Chremes was a private individual, not a 
public man. That is not the same thing, it is another. What 
else is it then ? Indigence is a great evil. The combat is said 
to be fierce. Fierce strife is a ferocious thing. Nothing 
human is so grand or so terrible as a great battle. Prudence 
is a sagacious virtue. One pilot is skilful and fortunate, but 
another unskilful and unfortunate. Dishonesty is an abject 
vice. Generosity is not so praiseworthy as justice. Cold, 
albeit unpleasant, is nevertheless wholesome. The theatre is 
a stately and very spacious building. What young man so 
prudent and so industrious as my grandson? 

120. 

Debeo, / should, ought, must." 1 

t\-\ - j thou shouldst, oughtest, must, or 

' f you should, ought, must* 
Debet, he should, ought, must. 
Possum, / may, can, or am able, 
P^f" j thou mayest, canst, art able, or 

* \ you may, can, or are able. 
Potest, he may, can, or is able. 

Discere debeo. 2 Docere debes. Dicere debet. Possum 
lsetus esse. Hilaris esse potes. Jucundus esse potest. Po- 
tesne legere ? Num potes legere ? Nonne potes legere ? An 
potes legere ? Deus non potest errare. Omnis homo dis- 
cere debet. Possum semper beatus esse, si volo. Yir fidelis 
esse et honestus debet. Nemo qui piger est, felix esse 
potest. Piger igitur discipulus felix esse non potest. 
Homo sum, humanus igitur esse debeo. Omnis rex leDis 
et clemens esse debet. Rex qui non est lenis, felix esse 
non potest. Si vis beatus esse, honestus esse debes. Tu 
beatus esse potes, si vis esse honestus. Discipulus discere 
debet, magister docere. Omnis prsecepter fideliter docero 



80 



A.UWS METHOD. 



debet. Qui non vult docere, non potest esse praeceptor. 
Quum hoc non possum, illud minus possum. Amicitia 
immortalis, inimicitia mortalis esse debet. 

Eem. — (1) The verbs should, ought, and must, when auxiliaries, are 
sometimes rendered by the participle in dus. (See Kern, to Ex. 102.) 

(2) Discere debeo, / should, must, or ought to learn. In 
English the particle to is dropped after may, can, should and must, 
but it is retained after ought ; in Latin the infinitive mood, which ex- 
presses to, is used after the equivalents of all these verbs. 



121. 



TupYter (m.), Jupiter, 
Juno (/.), Juno. 
Venus (/.), Venus. 
Dis (m.), Pluto. 
Cato (w.), Cato. 
Plato (m), Plato. 
SolOmon (m.), Solomon. 
Acerra (m.), Acerra. 
Palaemon (m.), Palcemon. 
Marcus (m.), Marcus, ox Mark. 
Dam6cles(w.), Damocles. 
Alcibiades, (m.) t Alcibiades. 



Hannibal (m.), JIannibaL 
Antonius (m.), Antony. 
Nero (m.), Nero. 
Archelaiis (m.), Archelaus. 
Ag£sliaus (m.), Agesilaus. 
Dionysius (m.), Dionysius. 
Vespasianus (m.), Vespasian. 
Demosthenes (m.), Demosthenes. 
Codrus (m.), Codrus. 
Xenophon (w.), Xenophon. 
Datames (m.), Datames. 
Cleopatra (/. ), Cleopatra. 



I ougbt to read. You ought to write. Every man must 
die. 1 may be learned. You may be happy. He may be 
fortunate. Can you write ? You cannot write, can you ? 
You can write, can you not ? Can you write, or not ? The 
soul cannot perish. Every man may err. The stag can run 
swiftly. A soldier must be brave. A boy ought to be mo- 
dest. You may be learned, if you choose. No one, who is 
lazy, can be learned. An idle pupil cannot therefore be 
learned. A sick man cannot be quite happy. An advocate 
should be prudent but daring. A man may be pious and righ- 
teous, though humble and obscure. This is the flower that 1 
is called a rose. He who is prudent and laborious, is gene- 
rally a good citizen. A thing that 2 is good, is sometimes 
unpleasant. A poor man who is contented, is happy. A 
pupil who reads much, is an assiduous scholar. 

Rem.— (1) The flower that is called a rose, flos qua rosa dicitur-. 
When the relative qui, quae, quod, connects, by means of to be or a verb 
of calling or saying, two nouns of different genders, it sometimes agrees 



.FIRST LATIK COITEfeE. 81 

with either of them, as stella quae (or qui) Phaethon dicitur, the star 
that is called Phaeton. Generally, however, the relative agrees with 
; the noun that follows, rather than with the antecedent, as globus 
quae terra dicitur, the globe that is called the earth. 

(2) A thing that is good, quae res est bona. The relative qui may 
be placed in one or other of the following positions : — 

Puer qui legit, 

Qui puer legit, >est industrius. 

Puer qui puer legit, J 
The first of these positions is common, the second elegant, and the 
third rare. "When, however, a relative clause is fully expressed, the 
noun before the relative is repeated after it, as in the third of these 
examples; but usually, this repetition is avoided by using a form of the 
pronoun is, ea, id, thus : puer qui legit, is puer est industrius. In 
like manner id is often elegantly used with quod put fur what, as 
habeo id quod vides, / have what you see. (For the arrangement of 
words generally, see Kem. 1, Ex. 106, and for construction of relative, 
eee Eem. 2, Ex. 86.) 

122. 

imb(adv.\ I 

etiam (adv.), J yes% 

im.6 certe, yes, certainly. 

imo gtiam, yes, assuredly so. 

ita vero, yes, to be sure. 

fta est, it is even so, — yes, quite so. 

non (adv.), 1 

mini me (adv.) J n0m 

minime, minime, no, no — not at all — by no means 

ml nl me vero, ) ' . ' , , . , 

minime gentium, \ n0 > not m the l€ast " wh P ™> 

nihilominus^^.), nothing less, \ assuredhjnot 
nemo minus, no one less (so), S ' J 

haudquaquam (adv.) not very — no, certainly not. 
nequaquam (adv.), not at all — no, by no means. 

Dixistine id? — Dixi. 1 Legitne puer? — Legit. Tune 
me vis ? — ISTon. Estne ilia tua sententia ? — Imo. 2 Num 
haec avis eadem est ? — £Ton est. Tene delectat hie nun- 
tius ? — Minime. Potesne scribere ? — Nequaquam. Nonne 
potes scribere ? — Ita vero. Num est dominus severus ? — 
Minimi gentium. Mene putas simulacrum esse ? — Nihilo- 
minus. Estne amicitia nostra vobis cara ? — Imo etiam. 
Num. est equus niger ? — Haudquaquam. Nonne est mors 



82 ahn's method, 

certa? — Ita est. Estne ilia regina ipsa? — Minimi, mi- 
nime. Estne hie canis tuus ? — Meus est. An est hie 
filius mens ? — Hie est. Meus filius, meus Chremes venit? 
— Sic est, ut dixi. An ille id non videt ? — Minimi ver6. 
Hie liber idem est ? — Non, alius est. Num formidolosus j 
frater ? — Nemo minus. Via nequaquam est bona, difficilis 
enim et nimis angusta est. 

Rem. — (1 ) Dixi, / said, I did say, or yes, I did. Generally in reply 
to a question in Latin, the verb of the question is used alone, or with 
non if the reply is negative. In English we use the auxiliary may, 
can, do, or did, leaving the verb understood, but as no such particles 
exist in Latin, the verb must be put as above. One or other of the 
locutions at the head of this exercise may, however, be used instead, 
as, Venitne frater?— Minime vero. Did your brother come? — Why, 
no, i. e. No, he did not. 

(2) Imo, yes. A question is sometimes answered affirmatively by 
imo or etiam alone, and negatively by non, just as yes and no are used 
in English, but one of the compound locutions is more usual; 
thus instead of imo or etiam, the adverb ita (so) with est very fre* 
quently occurs, as, Asperum est vinum ? Is the wine tart f Ita est, 
it is even so, i. e. yes, it is. 



123. 



Perindulgens, 1 very indulgent. 
Peramplus, a, um, very spacious. 
Permagnus, a, um, very large. 
Perantiquus, a, um, very ancient. 
Prseclarus, a, um, very illustrious. 
Fcedus, a, Mm. foul, filthy. 
Perdltus, a, um, lost, dissolute. 
Profusus, a, um, extravagant. 
Fessus, a, um, tired, wearied, 
Jurgiosus, a, um, quarrelsome. 
Inglorius, a, um, contemptible. 
Perpetuus, a, um, perpetual, con- 
tinual. 



Dirus, a, um, fatal. 
Glaucus, a, um, grey. 
Nimius, a, um, too much. 
Sacrus, a, lira, sacred. 
Profanus, a, um, profane. 
Notus, a, um, known. 
Humidus, a, um, damp. , 
Plenus, a, um,fidl. 
Tener, era, erum, tender. 
Castus, a, um, chaste. 
Press us, a, um, pressed. 
Caucus, a, um, blind. 
Nftvus, a, um, new, fresh. 

Eem. — (1) The particle per or pra, when prefixed to an adjective, 
has the power of very, and most adjectives are susceptible of taking 
this particle. 

Did you come yesterday ? — Yes, I did. Does the boy 
write ? — Yes, he does. Is the old woman silly ? — No. Can 
you run ? — Yes. You cannot run, can you ? — No, I cannot 



FIEST LATIN COUESE, 83 

j 2ou can run, can you not ? — Yes, I can. Can you run, or 
| lot ? — I can. Does this book please you ? — Yes, it does. Is 
J ;his weight the same ? — No, it is not. Is the wine mellow F-— 
Ees, it is. Is your exercise difficult ? — Not very. You are 
1 1 Soman, are you not? — Yes, assuredly so. Were you for- 
I nerly a soldier? — No, I was not. Is your country dear to 
tfou? — Yes, certainly. Is that our brother? — Yes, it is. 
j [s that boy your brother ? — Yes, he is. Is your neighbour 
J)bliging? — No one less so. Is the water pure? — Yes, quite 
j ;o. Am I the guilty person ? — No, assuredly not. Did you 
J say that the wine was white ? — No, I did not. Phocion was ? 
Very illustrious Athenian citizen. 



I 



124. 



Essem, I were, I be., or wculd be. 

Esses, thou wert, beest, or wouldst be ; also you were, be, or would be, 

'Esset, he were, be, or would be. 

Fuissem, / had been, or would have been. 

Fuisses, thou hadst been, also you had, ox would have been. 

Fuisset, he had been, or ivould have been. 

Quin tu sseplus legis ? Quis hie erat f nonne pater meus ? 

Hie liber non est idem, alius est. Totum negotium erat valde 

difficile. Pater severus est, mater autem perindulgens. 

iEdificium templum est perantiquum et peramplum. Si 
I essem rex, ciemens essem. Si amicus esses meus, Isetus 
! essem. Nisi frater esset industrius, pauper esset. Si fuis- 
i sem prudens, dives fuissem, Si non superbus fuisses, non 
j esses exul. Si mercator fuisset bellicosus, miles fuisset. 

Puer sapiens non est piger, nam si piger esset, non esset 
j sapiens. Munis satis firmus esse potest, satis altus vero 
i non est. Omnis homo debet quidem mori, sed unus diutius 
i quam alter vivere potest. Nulla amicitia vera et perennis, 
I quae non est sincera. Yicinus nihil nisi quod ipse dicit 
[rectum putat. Nihil quod est utile omnino est tetru.ni. 
j Quid mihi dixisti ? Nihil tibi dixi. 1 

Rem. (1) Nihil tibi dixi, I did not say anything to you. Anything is 



84 aitn's method 

sometimes rendered by quicquam (See Ex. 45), and sometimes by quid 
(S'.>e Ex. 78); but when used in English with a negative, it is rendered 
in Latin by nihil, as nihil dixi, / said nothing, i.e., I did not say 
anything. (For construction of .Negations, see also Hems, Ex. 100 
and 117). 



125. 



Mflneta (/.), } 

Kumus (m.), a coin, > money. } 
Ms (n ), brass, bronze^} 
iEs ali en urn (n.), debt. 
Gens (/), a tribe, nation. 
Gens humana (f), mankind. 
Pextra (/•)» the right hand. 
Sinistra (/), the left hand. 
Injuria (/.), a wrong, ox injury. 
Ordo (m.), order, discipline. 
Tabernarnlum (n.), a tent. 
Ser vitus (/.), bondage. 



Virgo (/.), a virgin. 
Deceptio (/.), deceit. 
Fuluien (n.), lightning. 
Alpha (n.), alpha. 
omega (n.), omega. 
Janua (/.), « gale. 
Scurra (c. g.), a buffoon. 
Pignus (n.), a pledge. 
Insulanus (m), an islander, 
Vicissltudo (/.), variation 
Probitas (/.), probity. 
Impietas (/.), impiety. 



Hem. — (1) Money, when it signifies a single coin, or an entire sum, 
is rendered by numus or nummus ; but in speaking of money generally, 
sometimes moneta, and still more frequently pecunia is used The former 
signifies properly, a stamp or impression, hence it is used to express 
the pieces of metal or coins that are stamped, and consequently money. 
The noun pecunia is derived from pecus (a sheep), that animal having 
been represented on some of the early Roman coins, so that, etymolo- 
gically, there is no difference between moneta and pecunia. The names 
of the metals are likewise used in Latin as in English, to signify money, 
thus, argentum and <zs imply silver and copper money respectively. 

(2) Many Latin wotyis have no exact equivalent in English, and in 
the same w T ay some English words will have to be rendered by a circum- 
locution ; thus, the noun debt, though itself a derivative of the Latin 
debitum, is more usually expressed by the compound noun aes alienum, 
the money of others, or other peoples money. (See Rem. Ex. 28.) 

What do you want ? I do not want anything. I did not j 
want anything. Unless I were a soldier, I would be a sailor. 
If you were a soldier, you \^ould be cruel. If my brother 
were rich, he would be generous. If I had been more indus- 
trious, I should have been less wretched. If you had not 
been diligent, you would not have been so learned. If the 
weather had been stormy, I should have been timid. Debt 
is a bitter bondage. One coin is more valuable than an- 
other. A great deal of money is not always desirable. Is 
this money ours or yours ? Brass is a useful, but by no! 
means a precious metal. The Briton is generally a brave andj 



T-rRST IATIN COURSE. 85 

ipright mars, but he is often rude and irascible. Perhaps 
f;he islander is not quite so bad as he is said to be. Every 
Briton, at least, is not rude and irascible. 

126. 

gt (conj.y ^ 
hciconj.y [ nd s 
Atque (conj.), f 
Que {conj.), J 

Rem. — (1) Et and que are used to couple words and sentences gene- 
rally ; but que connects them more emphatically than et. When et 
is used in joining principal clauses, que is employed in connecting those 
that are subordinate. Que is likewise much used in connecting single 
words ; under all circumstances it is enclitic, and is generally appended 
to the second of the two words it joins. 

(2) Atque and ac are mostly used in connecting words that have 
some relation in common, as clay and night; atque usually (but not 
always) precedes a word beginning with a vowel, and ac one that be- 
gins with a consonant, except c. As regards the junction of single 
words, que may, m most cases, be used for ac and atque, as mayis ac 
mayis. magis atque magis, or magis mapisque. 

(3) The conjunction and is used in Latin very much as in English, 
"but it is often repeated by the classic writers before each of words joined, 

as ego et tu et ille, you, he, and I. Very often it is elegantly dropped, 
as veni, vidi, vici. / came, I saw, and I conquered, 

Miles et mereator. Miles ac nauta. Ortus atque obitus. 
Mors ac vita. Bom us atque horreum. Beneficium ac 
munificentia. Magnus atque humilis. Geometria ac ma- 

'Spinalis scientia. Yehemens feroxque natura. Tutempus, 
tuque invidiosa vetusta. Templum magnum signumque 
pulchrum. Amicitia, illud sanctum ac venerabile nomen. 

-Humilis domus, umbrosaque ripa. Argentum atque aurum, 
lsenaque, togaque. Prater meus for tis atque animosusest. 
Yirtus est clara seternaque. Mmis bella es atque amabilis. 
Filia est pulchra, probaque* Studium est mihi perfugium ac 
solatium. Usee vestis levis atque splendida est. Fama est 
xnendax veloxque. Forma est fluxa atque fragilis. Amo te, 

i indies plus plus plusque te amo. Difficilis, facilis, jucundu3, 
acerbusque est idem. Parvula formica haud ignara ac in- 
cauta est, Si vis esse amicus meus, tua amicitia firma 

H 



86 



AHN S METHOD. 



sinccraque esse debet. Epaminondas erat modestus, pru* 
dens, gravis ; idem continens, clemens, patiensque erat. 



127. 



Cincinnatus (»».), Cincinnatus. 
Cynegirus (m.), Cynegirus. 
Paul us (wi.), Paul. 
Timotheus (jn.) f Timotheus or 

Timothy. 
Vesta (/.), Vesta. 
AntKgSne (/.), Antigone. 
AntigOnus (m,), Autigonus. 
Titus (m.) 9 Titus. 
Darius (m.), Curius. 
Ascanius (m.), Ascanius. 
Zaleucus (m.), Zaleucus, 
Chris tus (ra.), Christ. 

Cicero and Caesar. 
<3rime. Land and sea. 



Hipparchus (m.), Hipparchus. 
Mfctiscus (m.), Metiscus. 
Turnus (m.), Tumus. 
Harmodius (m.), Harmodius. 
Corinthus (/.), Corinth. 
Pan (m.), Paw. 
Neptunus (m.), Neptune. 
Darius (m.), Darius. 
Naavius (m.), Ncevius. 
Pisistratus (m.), Pisistratus. 
Herodotus (m.), Herodotus 
Tullus (m.), 7W^s, 



Bhea (/.), jR^a 

Body and mind. Punishment and 
Truth and love. This river is broad 
and swift. Charity is now more and more necessary. Your 
book delights me more and more. The son or daughter is 
ill. 1 If the ruler is cruel and heartless, the state rarely is 
safe. Vesta and the earth is the same. Zaleucus was an 
upright man, and a faithful servant. Pisistratus was a pri- 
vate individual, but an illustrious citizen. Antigone was a 
pious and dutiful daughter. Marcus Curius was a remark- 
able man, and a celebrated Soman consul. Antigonus was a 
skilful general, but not a well- disciplined man. The city of 
Corinth is no longer gseat and opulent. Titus, the Eoman 
emperor, was an enlightened and affable man. Pan is a less 
venerable deity than Neptune. Herodotus wa£ a learned 
Greek, and a celebrated author. Darius was a great, but un- 
fortunate king. Perhaps Darius would have been safe, had 
he been less warlike. 

Rem. — 1. The son or daughter is ill, films aut filia ceger est. 
When a conjunction couples two nouns of different genders, the adjec- 
tive agrees with the masculine in preference to the feminine, and with 
the feminine in preference to the neuter. Sometimes, howe'/er, the ad- 
jective is made to agree with the last noun, as pater aut mater mortua 
est, the father or mother is dead. When both nouns are inanimate,! 
the adjective may either agree with the last or he put in the neuter,; 
as murus vel turris alta (or altum) est, the wall or tower is Ugh. (See 
Bern. 1, Ex. 81.) 



FTBST LATIN C0UBSE. 



87 



128. 



Tam-quam, ? m 

lain-ut, J 

ut-slc, } 

ut-ita, ) 

JEque-ac, ^ as-as, as well as, 

atque-atque, $ so much as. 

Tan t us- quail tus, so great as. 

Talis-qualis, such as, as-so. 



either- or. 



Aut- aut, "I 

Vel-vel, j 

Nec-nec, I neither . nor 

JNeque-neque, 5 

et-et t as well as, both, and. 

Hic-ille, the former -the latter* 

alius-alius, one -another. 

Alter-alter, the one-the other. 



Et ego et Carolus. Aut Caesar aut nullus. Hie vel 
Graecus vel Romanus est. Neque corpus, neque animus. 
Neo incautus sum nee ignarus. Hoc est mutabile, illud 
immutabiie. Qualis homo, talis oratio. Yicinus meus est talis, 
qualis semper fuit. Crimen non est tantum quantum putas. 
Tuus amicus et fui et sum. Juno erat et soror et conjux. 
^Tomen et invidiosum et obscurum est. Nihil me aeque ac 
studium delectat. Cyrus asque magnus fuit ac pater. Equus 
niger seque formosus atque albus est. Alius est beatus, 
alius autem miser. Alter semper magnus, alter scepe turpis 
fuit. Nihil tarn vile, neque tarn turpe est quam calumnia. 
Quis tarn perditus ac profusus nepos, ut fuit Sextus Nasvius ? 
Ut hoc vinum est acre, sic illud est suave. Fortuna non 
est seque, quod omnis est contentus. Ut volebas, ita 1 est. 
Et pater et mater mortua est. 2 

Rem. — (1) Ita est, so it is. So, when it refers to something actu- 
ally named before, is rendered by sic or ceoue, but when so refers to 
something supposed, implied, or to follow, it is rendered by ita. When, 
in comparison, superiority or inferiority is implied, so is rendered by 
torn, and when equality is expressed, by ceque or qualis. At the end of 
a sentence, so is usually dropped, as si vis esse amicus meus, esse potes, 
if you wish to be my friend, you may be so. In some constructions, 
however, so final is rendered by id or item, as, haec regio olim palus- 
tris erat, nunc non ita, this region was formerly marshy, now it is 
not so. 

(2) Et pater et mater, both my father and mother. When et or 
turn repeated couples two nouns, the verb and adjective agrees with 
the last, as et pater et mater mortua est, both my father and mother is 
dead (not are dead.) 



85 



AHN S METHOD. 



129. 



Mrjr, speak, tell, 
?■ 1 6 m e d t o , r c 01 ember. 
' .:. I have lost. 
.':i, / EfrtZJ ^tW pper, 
a'.it, Ae, .sAe, or i£ nourishes, 

tit, fe, sAi, or »/ overthrows, 
rat, Ac-, ste, or ft oversha- 
dows, 

:•, or & mimics, 
ir, fo, sfo, or {/ threatens. 
atttr, fte, sfe, or ?7 accom- 
panies. 

r, fo, 'Ae, or &/ comforts, 
I atur, /^. .s/r? ; or t/ consoles. 

ir, &£, *^j or z7 wanders. 



Mdratnr, Ae, 5^e, or i/ delays. 

Habuit, Ae, »Ag, or z'/ Aa<i. 

Libera vit, /<e, sAe, e7 delivered, set j 

a£ liberty, or rescued. 
Ptitavit, Ae, sAe, or ^ thought. 
Praestabat, Ae, she, or it surpassed. 
Allevabat, /??, sAe, or ^ raised. 
Dedit, As, she,or it gave, or pledged. 
Cepit, he, she, it took, captured or 

held. 
Comprehendit, he, she, or it seized. 
Reliquit, he, she. or it left, 
Extfilit, he, she, or it was buried. 
Porrigebat, he, she, or it stretched 
forth. 



You are not ho learned as I. Your queen is as harsh as 
your king. I am such as I hare always been. My friend 
is the name now as he was before. INTo one was ever so 
eorru.pt as he. As the mind is, SO is the body. Both the 
kinrr and I. You as well as your brother. My neighbour is 
either a soldier or a sailor. Either I am a fool, or the news 
is false. Food nourishes. Say always what you think. 

never lost anything. Indigence quite overshadows you, 
G )d overthrows and preserves. Study comforts and consoles 
me. Who was buried P I do not know. What did the so]- 
U'(^j-]\ forth P What did he raise P What did he leave I 
What did he give to you? He did not give me anything 
Sorrow accompanies delays and threatens me. Your pupii 
sometimes mimics you, but he continually trusts to you and 
loves you. One is more' industrious than another. The one 
is diligent, but the other 1 as negligent as possible. 

r. — (1) As after tam, talis, tantus, lot, is rendered by quam, qualis, 

, qu5t, respectively, but ut may be used instead of qtfam, thus 

f rater nan est tarn diligent (puna (or ut soror). After ceque, as is ren- 

by atque, before a vowel, and by <>c before ?» consonant, out quan 

may be used for atque and ut, thus: f rater ccque diligent est ac (oi 

quam) loror, After idem, as is generally rendered by qui, que, quo/ 

Rem. J'-x. 87) ; but fflgfte or ac may be used instead of the rela 

tive, thus: frater non idem est qua (or 00) eoror. As when follows 

by possible is generally rendered by grwdwn ma#/ml,as; Excelsus quan 

to fo 0J haughty as po%sible% Sometimes 04 is put in; 



FIEST LATIN COtJKSE. 89 

English for when or whilst, in which case it is rendered by quum, cum 
or dum, thus ; dum ante ostium sto, as / stand before the door. Un- 
der most other circumstances, as may be rendered by ut, as : Ita fuit 
honoratus, ut nemo unquarn, no one was ever so honoured as he* 

_ 

130. 

O {interjly O ! 
Oh (inter?.), Oh! 

Heu (inter j.), Alas I 

Ehodum (inter y.). Hallo now ! 

Ave 2 (verb § inter j.), Hail! Health to you! 

Salve (verb §• inter j.\ Hail! Welcome! 

Vale 3 (verb <|" interj.), Farewell ! 

Bene vale (intei'j.). Good bye! 

Rem. — (1) The interjection ! is generally understood in Latin, 
.but is sometimes expressed. 

(2) Ave and salve are imperative forms of obsolete verbs, and pro- 
perly signify, be well, or be in health. These words, however, are 
mostly used as a salutation at meeting, and when so put, stand for such 
.English greetings, as Good morning ! How are you $ 

(3) Vale is properly an imperative form of the verb valere, to be 
well or strong ; but is the usual parting salutation, answering to Good 
evening ! Adieu ! and similar locutions. 

Ave soror ! Salve frater ! Oh festus dies ! Ehodum, quid 
dicis ? Heu, quam molesta est egestas Amicus fidelis gene- 
rosusque, salve ! fortuna, ut nunquam tu es perpetub 
;bona ! Si hsec est tua sententia, bene vale. Usee res valde 
est obscura. Rex emuino beatus admodum est rarus. Ca- 
talina, ille vir iniquus, prsecipuus fuit conjuratus. Mihi 
argento opus est. Duce mihi et monitore opus est. Et 
earitate et honore opus est. Campus fertilis immensusque 
?sse dicitur. Dominus vinctus est, servus autem liber. 
Hannibal dux erat peritus, clarusque, nequaquam verd 
felix. ISTon omnis dux felix esse potest. Omnis homo est 
mortalis, sive dives sive pauper. Pater tuus admodum seve- 
rus esse videtur. Utinam omnis pater esset Justus et 
severus ! "Or 6s Syracusse perantiqua peramplaque fuit. Ibi 
omne sedificium et publicum et privatum, sacrum, pro* 
fonumqus imichrum fuit. 

n 3 



90 



Ahn's method. 



131. 



Repetitio (/.), repetition, practice, 
Commendatio (/.). commendation. 
Conditio (/!), condition. 
opinio (/•), an opinion. 
odor (m.). a smell, or scent, 
Patientia (/.), patience. 
Villa (/.), a country-house. 
Corona (/,), a crown, or chaplet, 
Contumelia (/.), an affront. 
Auxiliator (m.), an ally, 
Garrulttas (/.), prattle. 
Remedium (n.), a \ 



Lftera 1 (/.), a letter. 
Dictum (n.), a saying. 
iter («.), a journey. 
Testudo (/), a tortoise. 
Cfilex {m.), a gnat. 
Felis (/.), a c«jf. 
Aer (?».), Me at>. 
Natio (/.), a nation. 
Stannum («.), fin. 
Sagitta (/.), an arrow. 
Pietas (f), piety. 
Rector (m.), a rw&r. 

Good morning, Acerra! Good evening, Chremcs ! O in- 
satiable time, how envious yon are! Is your name 2 Popi- 
lius? What noise is that ? 3 The crown is a regal insignia. 
Patience is a praiseworthy virtue. Is that your opinion ? 
No, it is not. The cat is a useful, but deceitful animal. A 
journey if too long is generally fatiguing. Too much praise 
is almost an affront. If a nation is cruel, it is never safe, 
The gnat is a hideous and annoying insect. No creature is 
so slow as the tortoise, or so swift as the stag. Is a sweet 
scent agreeable to you ? Every smell is not sweet, nor is 
every perfume agreeable. If the site is cheerful, the villa 
itself is cheerful likewise. A single letter is sometimes a 
short word. A small book is often as good as a large one.^ 
Every book is more or less useful, 5 small as well as large. 
Truly that life, as it is called, of yours 6 is death. 

Rem. 1. — The noun litera is sometimes written littera 9 or lettera, by 
the poets. 

(2) Is your name Popilius ? Estne tibi nomen Popilius. In 
speaking of anything very closely associated with one's own person, | 
the possessives my, your, our, are rendered by the Latin datives mihi, 
tibi, nobis, vobis, as, nomen Popilius est mihi, the name Popilius is to 
me, i.e., my name is Popilius. (See Hem. Ex. 104.) 

(3) What noise is that? Quis clamor est ? The demonstrative pro 
nouns this and that, are often understood in questions after a form oi 
the verb to be. 

(4) As a large one, ac magnus. The particle one, when used aftei 
adjectives in English, is not expressed in Latin ; e. g. equus albus a3qu 
bonus est ac niger, a white horse is as good as a black one. (For othei 
ellipses of this kind, see Hems. Ex. 90, Ex. 96 ; Rem. 2, Ex. 104 ; Rem, 
1, Ex. 118, and Rem. 3, Ex. 126.) 



FIRST LATIN COURSE 91 

(5) More or less useful, plus minus utilis. In the locution more or 
less, the conjunction or is usually dropped in Latin, as, onmis homo plus 
minus est pius, every man is moke or less godly. 

(6) That life of yours, vestra vita. In such locutions as this book of 
mine, the compound possessives of mine, of thine, of ours, of yours, 
are rendered by the simple Latin possessives meus, tuus, suus, vester, 
noster, sometimes with the demonstrative ille, and sometimes without, 
as, nescio menm illud iter, / do not know this route of mine. 



132. 



-Aureus, a, um, of gold, golden. 

Ligneus, a, um, of wood, wooden. 

Ferreus, a, um, of iron. 

Lapideus, a, um, of stone. 

aheneus, a, um, of brass, brazen. 

Konnullus, a, um, some. 

Nexus, a, um, linked together. 
'' Temperatus, a, um, temperate, 

mild. 

^ editus, a, um, published, pro- 
nounced. 

Yalidus, a, um, strong, stout* 

Exiguus, a, um, small, puny. 



Astutus, a, um, astute, politic. 
Natus, a, um, born. 
Maritimus, a, um, maritime. 
Immodicus, a,um, excessive. 
amarus, a, um, bitter. 
Strenuus, a, um, energetic. 
Futurus, a, um, future. 
Falsus, a, um, false. 
Assuetus, a, um, accustomed. 
Diibius, a, um, doubtful. 
egregius, a, um, exemplary. 
Beutus, a, um, abounding. 
Cujus, a, um, whose. 



Aliud medicamentum est suave, aliud vero am arum. 
Bellum adhuc dubium et incertum est. Simulacrum est 
ligneum, forma verum singularis et eximia. Liber cujus 
est? Is'on omnis liber qui . est editus utilis est. Utirjam 
omnis liber utilis esset ! Britannia civitas eximia mari- 
tima est. Homo ad industriam natu's est. Nonnulla" pars 
est grata, nonnulla in grata. Quod ineptum est, nequaquam 
est laudandum. Usee amnis quamquam exigua, alta est et 
celeris. Labor est sanus, immodicus vero labor valde 
j noxius. Si dictum est verum, prseceptum mendax esse debet. 
Praesidium quamquam vaiidum, expugnari tameu potest. 
Quis tarn perditus ac pravus conjuratus fuit quam Catalina ? 
Si frater tuus plerumque est diligens, nunc quidem otiosus 
esse videtur. Dux peritus interdum melior est quam murus 
aheneus. JEdificium ligneum non est tarn perenne, quam 
lapideum. Annulus hie ferreus est, 1 alter autem aureus. 

Bem. — Annulus hie ferreus est, this is an iron ring. In such locu- 
tions as an iron ring, a stone bridge, the first noun is rendered by the 
Corresponding Latin adjective 



133. 

Oeeasio (/.), 00010011, o pportu n i ty, < 
Ingeninm (*.), capacity, disposition, learning. 

Bes rcffitsris (/.) **-«*— **w~ -* - "---■-■- 

_. idrupes («-)» a Jtars? or other domestic animal, a qwadrup. , 
Dementia (/.), madness, stupidity, foolishness. 

A stone statue is not so durable as an iron one. An iron 
ring is not so raluable as a gold one. The unwritten law 1 is 
■onetimes mora useful than the written law. Z I mm 
B : : been too proud, he would not have been an exile. F amily 
and ability alone are 2 nothing. Is the soldier who is tired 
and wounded an old man ? Do you really wish to be learr. 
— Tea, certainly. Is that your cloak* — Yes mine. Is 

jom friend iz "..': '.- — -.. not very. Your neighbour is not 
disobliging, is he ? — No, not in the least. A : dtion that 
u no! tractable, b never docile. I"::; firiend .3. hie 

enough, though his expression is surly. Verres. the Soman 
lieutenant-general, was a dissolute and extravagant man. The 
art of war is not only useful, but sometimes very necessary. 
If the enterprise u praiseworthy and the opportunity favour- 
able, there ought to be no delaying, ^"ere every ruler 3 just 
and prudent, human society would be mueh more cheerful 
than it now is. 

Rxif. — ( 1) The unu iaj eetms eo msma ded with 

tot, as snfi&e, undone, u nwritte n, are often best ran lered by the simple 
h nan, as, lex non scripta, ffo unwritten lav:. 
oiking, say, is nothing. See Bern. 1, Ez. 127. and Eem. 2, 



a - •:_..• 



if every ruler were. In English the 

r-7-ei. &ni tie - ::' or auxiliary placed 

i /, for »/ / 

used, *i will hare tc be supplied in 






j (f».), a disease, or malady. 
a (a.), decease, destruction. 

'■'-.._. a v : : : 

is^r/i), a s msii Jtfn 



iy*r. 
Lapillus [rn 

>. *-•.-■.-.■ '/.. . imitation. 



FIliST LATIN COURSE. 93 



&riens (m.), the east. 
Lac (n.), milk. 
Sitis (/.), thirst. 
abies (/.), a fir-tree, 
onus («.), # burden. 
Yelura (n.), cfo^A. 



Astrum (w.), a star. 
oleum (??.), o«/. 
Off Icium (n.), *fr/ty. 
Pectus (n.), tfAe breast. 
Somnus (w.), s/eep. 
Casa (/.), # cottage. 



Quae hs3c dementia est ? Heu, astrum meum sinistrum ! 
Mors ferreus est sumnus. Condi men turn oleum est utile. 
Si morbus est gravis, mors manet. Hie furor verus est, 
non imitatio. Yelox delphinus semper hilaris et festus est. 
JSTemus frigidum umbrosumque gaudium est meum. Augur 
ante exitium signum dat. Beneficium ssepe est panpertas, 
non onus. Manus est liberalis, si pectus generosum est. 
Ssepe mendicus seque beatus est atque imperator, Nescio 
quare tristis sis, quamvis salus satis robusta est tu.a. Plerum- 
que velum si crassum et asperum perenne est. Poena cap- 
tivitas ncn tarn dura est quam exilium. Est meum officium 
pium ac probum esse. Populus ilia non est tarn alta et pro- 
cera quam hxc abies. Hon omnis arbor alta est et procera. 
Pamulus noster paulo est remissus, eximius autem coquus. 
Ubinam 1 consul est, rogo ? 

Kem. — (1) Ubinam consul est ? Where is the consul f The particle 
nam is frequently appended to quis, quid, and ubi when put interro- 
gatively. Nam properly signifies by name, so that ubinam stands for 
in what place byname, i.e. what is the name of the place ? 

135. 

Urbarms, a, Mm, of or belonging to I Mediocris, e, passable, middling -, 
a city, urbane, polite. j tolerable. 

In what place is my book ? The boy does not believe what 
he says. My brother not only did not come, but he did not 
jeven write. Old age is generally grave and steady. What 
lis cruel is always offensive to me. The court-house is open, 
is it not ? A prudent king is never invidious or unjust. The 
whole of this region is rugged and barren. JSTo wind is so 
agreeable as the west wind. A sensible boy is never slothful 
or remiss. This letter of yours, though passable, is by no 
means correctly written. A sailor is sometimes an extrava- 
gant spendthrift, but rarely a miser, A boy who is a buffoon 
is generally a fool also. Do not therefore be a buffoon. We 
ought always to be affable, courteous, and polite. 



s 



APPENDIX. 



PARTS OF SPEECH. 

As in English, all the words of the Latin language are 
divided into eight classes termed *■ Parts of Speech/ These 
are : 

(1) Nouns or words that express anything that exists or can be made 
the subject of discourse, whether tangible, as ddmus (a house), or in 
tangible, as dolor (grief). 

Rem. — Nouns, when tangible, are more properly termed substantives, 
but the word noun is usually employed to signify both. 

(2) Adjectives or words used in expressing the qualities of nouns, 
as bonus (good), prdvus {bad). 

Rem. — In the locution a growing crop, the word growing qualifies 
the noun crop, and is consequently an adjective ; but in the phrase the 
crop is growing, the word growing expresses an act rather than 
quality, and is consequently a verb. Those words that are adjectives 
when used in one way, and verbs when used in another, are termed 
participles, such are excellens [excelling or excellent), captus (having 
captured or caught), and all similar words. 

3. Pronouns or words used to supply the place of nouns, as is, ea, 
Id (he, she, it). 

4. Verbs or words that express an act or state, as ccedere (to strike), 
pati (to suffer). 

5. Adverbs or words used to extend the meaning of verbs or to 
qualify adjectives, as valde (very), bene (well), fide liter (faithfully) 

6. Prepositions or words used to denote the relations between other 
words, as infra (below) , super (above), ante (before). 

Rem. — Prepositions are sometimes used as adverbs, and vice versa, 

7. Conjunctions or words used in connecting other words and sen- 
tences, as 6-7 (if) j it (and), sed (but). 

8. Interjections, or ejaculatory particles, used in expressing some 
emotion of the mind, as lieu (Alas /), e/wdum (hallo there /). 

Of the eight parts of speech, four, viz. nouns, adjectives, 
pronouns and yerbs, vary in form; the others are in- 
variable. 



APPENDIX. 95 

In the Exercises the following abbreviations are used to 
distinguish the parts of speech : 

Sub. substantive or noun. Adv. adverb. 

Adj. adjective. Prep, preposition. 

Pron. pronoun. Conj. conjunction. 

V. verb. Interj. interjection. 

NOUNS. 
The word noun means name, and properly signifies ad- 
jectives and pronouns as well as substantives. The words 
.of the first part of speech are properly called noun- sub st an* 
jives, but for the sake of brevity the word noun or substan- 
tive alone is used, to denote what is signified by the term 
[noun-substantive. 

CLASSES. 

Nouns are divided into the following classes : 

Common. Substantives that name anything that has size and form, 

as damns {a house), equus (a horse), are termed Common nouns. 
Abstract. Those that express qualities, attributes or passions, as 

forma (beauty), virtus (manliness), amor (love), are termed Abstract 

7WUUS. 

Proper. Names of persons and places, as Dls (Pluto), Carthago 
(Carthage), are termed Proper nouns or names. 

Patronymics are nouns formed from the name of a father or ancestor,, 
as Pelldes, the son of Pdleus, i. e. Achilles : these are all of Greek 
r origin. 

Diminutives. These are nouns that have a termination signifying 
little, as bacillus (a little stick), and are mostly formed by adding illus 
or ulus to the noun, as from puer } pudrulus (a little boy). 

GENDER. 
Latin nouos are of three genders, masculine, feminine, and 
neater, thus : 

1. Names of males are masculine, as JEneas (a mans name), Bu- 
cephalus (the name of a horse), leo (a lion). 

2. Names of females are feminine, as Helena (a woman's name), 
Thoe (the name of a mare), lecena (a lioness). 

3. Names of inanimate objects are of all three genders, thus, annus 
{a year) is masculine; mensa (a table), feminine; and regnum (a 
kingdom), neuter. The gender of inanimate nouns is mostly determined 
by the declension to which they belong, but they are likewise subject 
to the following general rules : — 

(a) Names of months, winds, rivers, and mountains, are mostly mas- 
culine, as Aprilis {the month of April), aquilo (the north wind), 27- 
beris (the river liber), Othrys (a hill in Thessaly). 



96 APPENDIX. 

(b) Names of countries, towns, trees, ships, and poems, are mostly 
feminine, as JEgyptus {Egypt), Corinthus (Corinth), pdmus (an 
apple-tree). Argo {the name of a ship), Mneis {the JEncid of Virgil). 

(c) Letters, words, and phrases (when used as nouns, and all other 
indeclinable substances,) are neuter, as a (the letter a), scire tunwi (your 
knowledge), eras istud (that to-morrow). See also Bern. 1, Ex. 84. 

4. Some inanimate nouns are both masculine and feminine, as pulvis 
(dust). These are said to be of Doubtful Gender, 

5. Some nouns, signifying persons, are likewise both masculine and 
feminine, as parens (a mother or father), conjua? (a husband or wife), 
civis (a citizen, male or female). These are said to be of Common 
Gender. 

6. Some nonns, particularly names of birds, are either masculine or 
feminine, but not both ; thus passer (a sparroiv)*is masculine, and yet 
may either signify a male or female, so aqulla (an eagle) is feminine, 
but may signify either a male or female. Such nouns are said to be 
Epicene* 

DECLENSIONS. 
The Latin nouns vary in termination under certain cir- 
cumstances ; these variations or cases are six in number, 
termed respectively : 

The Nominative. The Genitive. The Dative. The Accusative. i 
The Vocative. The Ablative. 

When a noun is made to assume its case terminations, it 
is said to be declined. Originally all the nouns appear to 
have been declined alike, but certain irregularities gradu 
ally arose, -which render it now necessary to divide them 
into five groups or declensions, each one having its own set 
of case terminations, thus : 

First Declension. 
Mensa (f.), a table. 
Singular. Plural. 



Kom. Mens a, a table. 

Gen, Mens se, of a table. 

Vat. Mens se, to a table. 

Ace. Mens am, a table. 

Foe. Mens a, table. 

Abl. Mens a, by a table. 



Mens se, tables. 
Mens arum, of tables. 
Mens Is, to tables. 
Mens as, tables. 
Mens 83, tables. 
Mens is, by tables. 



Hem. — The ablative case expresses other prepositions besides ty 
(See Construction of First Declension in Second Course.) 



APPENDIX. 



97 



Singular 

Kom. Serv us, a servarit. 

Gen. Serv i, of a sei^vant. 

Dat. Serv o, to a servant. 

Ace. Serv um, a servant. 

Voc. Serv e, servant. 

Abl. Serv o, by a servant. 



Second Declension. 

Servus (jn.\ a servant 

Plural. 

Serv i, servants. 
Serv drum, of servants. 
Serv is, to servants. 
Serv 6s, servants. 
Serv i, servants. 
Serv Is, 6y servants. 



Rem. — The nominative and vocative cases are generally alike in 
both numbers throughout the declensions, but nouns of the Second 
Declension in us have the vocative singular in e. 

Scamnum (n,), a lench. 



Nom. Scamn um, a bench. 

Gen. Scamn i, of a bench, 

Dat. Scamn o, to a bench. 

Ace. Scamn um, a bench. 

Voc. Scamn um, bench. 

Abl. Scamn o, by a bench. 



Scamn a, benches. 
Scamn orum, of benches, 
Scamn Is, to benches. 
Scamn a, benches. 
Scamn a, benches. 
Scamn is, by benches. 



Rem. — Neuter nouns of all the declensions have, like scamnum. the 
nominative, accusative, and vocative alike in both numbers, and in the 
plural these cases always end in a. 

Third Declension. 

Pater (»?.), a father. 

Patr es, father;* 
Patr um, of fathers. 
Patr lbus, to fathers. 
Patr es, fathers. 
Patr es, fathers. 
Patr lbus, by fathers. 



Nom. 


Pater, a father. 


Gen. 


Patr is, of a father. 


Dat. 


Patr i, to a father. 


Ace. 


Patr em, a father. 


Voc. 


Pater, father. 


Abl. 


Patr e, by a father. 




Nubes (/.) 


Kom. 


Nub es, a cloud. 


Gen. 


Nub is, of a cloud. 


Dat. 


Nub i, to a cloud. 


Sec. 


Nub em, a cloud. 


Voc. 


Nub es, cloud. 


Abl. 


Nub e, by a cloud. 



Nub es, clouds. 
Nub ium, of clouds. 
Nub thus, to clouds. 
Nub es, clouds. 
Nub es, clouas. 
Nub ibus, by clouds. 

Rem. — Some nouns of the third declension have the genitive plural 
la um, others in ium ; this is explained in the Second Course. 



98 




AITENDIX. 






Nomen 


(w.), a name. 






Singular. 






Plural. 


Nom. 


Nomen, a name. 






Non-fin 


a, names. 


Gen. 


Nom in is, of a name. 






NomTn 


um, of names. 


Dat. 


No in in i, to a name. 






Nomin 


ibus, to names* 


Ace. 


N6m6n, a name. 






Nomin 


a, names. 


Voc. 


Nomen, name, 






Nomin 


a, names. 


Abl. 


Nomin e, by a name. 






Noniin 


Ibus, by names 



See Remark on neuter nouns above. 



Nom. Fruct us, fruit. 
Gen. Fruct us, of fruit, 

Fruct ui, to fruit. 

Fruct um, fruit. 

Fruct vls 9 fruit. 

Fruct u, by fruit. 



Dat. 
Ace. 
Voc. 
Abl. 



Fourth Declension. 
Fruct us (m.), fruit. 

Fruct us, fruits. 

Fruct uum, of fruits. 

Fruct ibus, to fruits. 

Fruct us, fruits. 

Fruct us, fruits. 

Fruct ibus, by fruit. 



Fifth Declension. 
Dies (in singular, m. or f., in plural m. only), a day. 



Nom. Di es, a day. 

Gen. Di ei, of a day. 

Dat. Di ei, to a day. 

Ace. Di em, a day. 

Voc. Di es, day. 

Ml. Di e, by a day. 



Di es, days. 

Di erum, of days. 

Di ebus, to days. 

Di es, days. 

Di es, days. 

Di ebus, by days. 



The declension to which a noun belongs is determined 
by the genitive case ending ; when the genitive ends in ce f 
the noun belongs to the first declension, in i to the second, in 
is to the third, in Us to the fourth, and in ei to the fifth. 
The nominative and the termination of the genitive being 
given, the learner will know to which of the five declen- 
sions the noun belongs, thus pars, gen. tis, indicates a noun 
of the third declension ; usus, xls, a noun of the fourth, and 
so on. 

IRREGULAR NOUNS. 
Some nouns arc irregular in gender, number, or declen- 
sion. These are termed Ueteroctites, and are divided into 



APPENDIX. 99 

three classes, termed respectively, Variants, Redundants, 
and Defectives. 

Variants. 

Variants are nouns that vary in gender, declension, or 
that have a different meaning in the plural from what they 
have in the singular, thus : — 

1. The following are masculine in the singular and neuter in the 
plural : — 

Avernus, i (ra.), or Averna orura (n. plu.), a lake of Campania, and 
in the poets, the infernal regions. 

Maenalus, i (m.), or Msenala orura (n. plu.), a hill in Arcadia. 

Tartarus, i (#».), or Tartara drum (n. plu.), the deepest part of the in- 
fernal regions. 

Tapanis, i (m.), or Tsenara orum (n. plu.), a promontory of Laconia, 
under which there is a cave, supposed by the poets to be the entrance 
of the infernal regions. 

The nouns Dindyrnus, a hill of Phrygia ; Ismarus, a hill of Thrace; 
Mas-sTcus, a mountain of Campania ; Pangseus, a promontory of 
Thrace ; Taygelus, a hill of Laconia ; and a few others have, in 
the same way, neuter plural forms, but chiefly in the poets. 

2. The following are neuter in singular, and masculine in plural : — 

Ccelum, heaven, the shy. 

Efysium, Elysium. 

Argos, or Argi, a city of Greece. 

3. Neuter in singular, and feminine in plural : — 

Delictum, delight. 
epulum, a banquet. 
Balneum, a bath. 
The last is also sometimes neuter in plural. 

4. Feminine in singular, and neuter in plural : — 

Carbasus, sail-cloth. 

Pergamus, i (/.), or Pergama, drum (n.), Troy. 

5. Masculine in singular, and masculine or neuter in plural : — ■ 

Locus, a place, jocus, a jest. 

6. Neuter in singular, and masculine or neuter in plural :— 

Kastrum, a rake, frsenum, a bridle. 

7. The following change their declension : — 

Vas, a vessel, is of the third declension in singular, and of the second 

in plural, as vas, gen. vasis ; plural, vasa, gen. drum. 
JugSrum, an acre, is of the second in singular, and third in plural. 



100 APrENBIX. 

Delirium, a delight ; fcpulum, a feast ; exuvium, spoil; indusium, a 
garment ; and balneum, a bath, are of the second declension in sin- 
gular, and first in plural, the last, however, has also balnea in plural. 
(See Obs. 3, above,) 

S. The following change the meaning in plural . — 

SINGULAR. PLURAL. 

JEdes, or sedis, a temple ; JEdes, a house, or building. 

AuxTlium, help ; Auxllia, auxiliary troops, 

Castrum, a fort ; Castra, a camp. 

Comitium, a place of assembly ; Comitia, the assembly itself. 

Copia, abundance ; Copiae, troops. 

Facultas, power of acting ; Facilitates, property. 

Litera, a letter of the alphabet ; Litgrae, an epistle. 

Ops, or opis, help ; opes, power. 

Sal, salt ; Sales, witticisms. 

And so with a few others. 

Redundants. 
A few nouns have duplicate forms of some or all the 
cases, thus: — 

1. Nouns derived from the Greek have often both the Greek and 
Latin forms of the genitive, but not always, as Chremes, gen. Chremis, 
or Chremetis. 

2. Nouns have often duplicate nominatives varying in form, but of 
the same number, gender, and declension, as arbor, or arbds, arboris 
(/.), a tree ; so honor, or honos, gen. honoris (m.), honour. 

3. Some have duplicate nominatives of the same form, but varying 
in gender and genitive, as pfceus, peciidis (/.), or pecus, genitive pfceo- 
ris (w.), cattle. 

4. The following have duplicate nominatives of the same form and 
gender, but of different declensions : — 

Dbmus, i, or ddmus, us (/.), a house. 
Laurus, i, or laurus, us (/.), a laurel-tree. 
Ficus, i, or flcus, us (/.), a Jig-tree. 
Pinus, i, or pinus, us (/.), a pine-tree. 
Cupressus, i, or cupressus, iis (/.), a cypress-tree. 

5. A few have duplicate nominatives, varying in form and gender, 
but of the same declension, as slbulus, i (m.), or sibulum, i (n.), hiss- 
ing ; bacillus, i (m.), or baciilum, i (n.), a stick. 

6. The following, and a few others, have duplicates as regards de- 
clension, but are of the same gender. 

Materia, a?, or materies, ei (/.), matter. 

fclephantus, i, or elgphas, antis (m.), an elephant. 

Paupertas, atis, or pauperies, ei,(f)., poverty. 

Plebs, plebis, or plebes, is, or ei (/.), the common people* 



APPENDIX. 101 

Many Greek proper names are redundants of this last class, as Chal- 
chas, ae, or antis ; Orestes, ae, or is ; (Edipus, pi, or pOdes ; Orpheus, 
or Orpheus, gen,, Orpheos, or Orphei. 

7. The following', and some others, have duplicates varying both in 
gender and declension : — 

alimonia, aa (/.), or alimonium, i (n.),/ootf. 

Buccina, as (/.), or buccinum, i (rc.), a belt, 

Esseda, ae (/.) or essedura, i (rc.j, a goblet. 

Menda, ae (/.), ormendum, i (n.), a blemish. 

iEthra, ee (/.), or aether, aetheris (w.), ether. 

Colus, i (/.), or eOlus, us (m.), a distaff. 

Consortio, onis (/.), or consortium, i (n.) 3 a partnership 

Defectives, 

Many nouns are only used in one or other of the num. 
bers, and some want one or more of the cases, thus : — 

1. The following are regularly declined in the singular, but are not 
used in the plural : — 

(a) The names of quantities or abstract notions, as pittas, godliness ; 
fames, hanger; v£nia, pardon. 

(b) All nouns implying amass or substance, as aurum^ofo?; argilla, 
clay ; sanguis, blood. 

(c) Collective nouns, as plebs, the common people ; vulgus, the mob, 

(d) The nouns 

Aer, air. 



JEther, ether. 
Diluculura, the dawn. 
Jiibar, a sun-beam. 
Justitium, a vacation. 
Lethuin, death. 



MSridies, midday. 
Nemo, ?20 one. 
Pelasrus. ) ,, 
Ponfus, [«"«<" 
Specimen, a sample. 
Ver, spring. 



And a few others. 

2. The following are regularly declined in the plural, but have no 
singular : — 

(a) Masculines. 

Antes, rows. Liberi, children. 

Cancelli, a lattice. Manes, a ghost. 

Fasti, annals. Majores, ancestors. 

Lemures, spectres. Minores, posterity. 

Penates, household gods. Pr6c6res, nobles. 
Primores, chiefs. ' 

And some names of towns, as Delphi, Delphis ; Philippi, Philippi. 

x 3 



102 



APPENDIX. 



Argutise, subtUties. 

Calendae, the calends, 

Divltiae, riches. 

Exciibiae, watch and ward. 

Facetiae, wit. 

Feriae, a holiday. 

idus, the ides (of the month). 

Induciae, a truce. 

In feriae, an offering. 

Insldiae, snares. 



(b) Feminines. 

Mlnse, threats* 
Nonae, nones. 
Nugae, trifles, 
Nuptias, marriage. 
Nundinae, a market-day. 
Reliquiae, remains, 
Scalae, stairs. 
Scopae, a broom. 
Tenebrae, darkness. 
Valvae, folding doors. 



And several names of towns, as, Syraciisae, Syracuse; Athenae, Athens^ 



(c) Neuters. 

Munia, offices. 
Praecordia, the heart. 
Scruta, wares. 
Sponsalia, espousals. 
Viscera, entrails. 



Arm a, arms. 
Cunabula, a cradle. 
Exta, entrails. 
ilia, the flank. 
Mxnia, a fortified wall. 
Mapalia, huts. 

Several names of towns and festivals, as Bactra, Saturnalia. 

Rem. — The genitive plural of these nouns will be given in the index 
to present and vocabularies of Second Course. This will enable the 
learner to know the declension of any plural noun ; thus, Syracuse, 
drum, denotes a noun of the first, and Philippic orum, a noun of the 
second declension, because arum and ortim are genitive plural ter- 
minations of these declensions respectively. 

3. Some defectives want all the cases, or mother words, they are in- 
declinable, having only a single form ; these are termed aptots. Such are 



Pondo, a pound weight. 
Cepe, an onion. 
Gummi, gum, 
Friigi, thrift or thrifty. 
Mane, morning. 



Fas, right, 
Nefas, wrong, 
Instar,a likeness. 
Nihil, nothing. 
Sinapi, mustard. 



Also some foreign words, as manna , Baal; several Greek words, as 
Tempe (n. plu.), a valley in Thessaly. 

Rem. — The most of these nouns stand for all the cases, plural as 
well as singular, hut fas, instar, nihil, can properly be used only in the 
nom. ace. and voc. singular, and sinapi is not used in plural. A few 
nouns have a singular and a plural, both indeclinable, as sing, melds, 
a song ; plu. mele, songs. The nouns vfcru, a spit ; mille, a thousand ; 
cornu, a horn ; genu, the knee, and all other nouns in u of the fourth 
declension are aptots in the singular, but have all the plural forms. 



APPENDIX. 



103 



4. Some defectives have only one oblique ease in use, these are termed 
monoptots : such are — 



Nauci {gen. sing.), of a nutshell. 
Ostentui (dat. sing .), for show . 
Astu (abl. sing.), by croft. 
Jussu (abl. sing,), by command. 
Natu (abl. sing.), by birth. 
Noctu (abl. sing.), by night. 
Inftcias (ace. phi.), denial. 



Ingratiis (abl, pln.) 9 against one's 

will. 
Ambage (abl. sing.), winding. 
Casse (abl. sing.), with a net. 
Annali {abl. sing.), by a record. 
Fauce (abl. sing.), by or with the 

jaw. 



Of these the last four have the plural forms entire. 

5. The following have only two cases in use, and are termed dip- 
tots, 

Fors. chance, abl. 



, forte. 
Imp&tis, an attack, abl. impute. 
Suppetiae, aid, aec. supp&tias. 



6. 
tots . 



Juggris, an acre, abl. jugere. 
Compedis, a fetter, abl. compete, 
Verb£ris, a stripe, abl. verbere. 

Of these the last three have all the plural forms. 
The following have only three cases in use, and are termed trip- 



Fgmmis (gen.), femi'ni (dat.), femlne (abl.), the thigh. 

Lues (nom.), luem (ace), lu% (abl.)) a plague. 

Preci (dat.), precem (ace), piece (abl.), prayer, 

Situs (nom.), situm (ace), situ (abl.), filth. 

Vesper (nom.), vesperem (acc.) y vespfcre or i (abl.), evening. 

Of these the noun preci, which appears to be derived from a nomi- 
native prex, is regular in the plural. 

The following have only the nom. voc. and ace. plural in use, and 
are consequently triptots as regards that number. 



Hiems, winter. 
Mel, honey. 
Thus, frankincense. 
fcbiir, ivory. 
Far, corn. 



F61, gall, 
M 6" tus, fear. 
Rus, the country. 
Solium, a throne, 
Spes, hope. 

7, The following want the nom. and ace. sing. ; and thus, having 
only four cases, are termed tetraptots : — Ditionis, dominion ; frugis, 
fruit; 6pis, help ; vicis, a turn; sordis, filth. 

Vis, power, also is rarely found in gen. or dat. sing. 

8. The following, and several others, want the genitive plural, and 
so having only five cases, are termed pentaptots ; — 6s, the mouth; fax, 
a torch ; sol, the sun ; pax, peace ; lux, light. 

Those defectives that want only one or two cases, are irregular only 
in so far as these cases are not found in any of the existing classics, 
and consequently there is no authority for their use. 



104 



APPENDIX. 
ADJECTIVES. 



Adjectives vary in form, to agree with the substantives 
in gender, number, and case. Some adjectives have a no- 
minative form corresponding with each gender, as mas. 
bonus, fern, bona, neut. bonum ; others have only two nomi- 
native forms, as mas. and fern, tristis, neut. triste ; many 
have only one form for all three genders, as m&$. felix, fern. 
felix, neut. felix. (See Ex. 40 and 62.) 

Adjectives are declined like nouns of corresponding ter- 
minations ; thus, bonus is declined like servus ; bona, like 
mensa ; bonum, like scamnum, and so on. The adjectives 
may, nevertheless, be divided into three declensions, accord- 
ing as they are of one, two, or three terminations, thus : — 



First Declension . 




B6nus, a, ura, good. 




SINGULAR. 




Mas. Fern. 


Neut. 


Norn, bon-us, bon-a, 


bon-um. 


Gen. bon-i, bon-ee, 


bon-i. 


Dat. bon-o, bou-ae, 


bon-o. 


Ace bon-um, bon-am, 


bon-um* 


Voc. bon-e, bon-a, 


bon-um. 


Abl. bon-o, bon-a, 


bon-o. 


£LITRAL. 




Nom. bon-i, bon-ce, 


bon-a. 


Gen. bon-orum, bon-arura, 


hon-drura 


Dat. bon-is, bon-is, 


bon-is. 


Ace. bon-os, bon-as, 


bon-a. 


Foe. bon-i, bon-a?, 


bon-a. 


Abl. bon-is bon-is. 


bon-is. 



Second Declension. 
Fidelis, e, faithful. 



SINGULAR. 



Mas. fy fern. 
Nom. fidel-is, 
Gen. fid el is, 
Dat. fidel-i, 
Ace. fidel-em, 
Voc. fidel-is, 
Abl. fidel-i, 



Neut. 
fidel-e. 
fidel-is. 
fidel-i. 

fidel-e. 
fidel-e. 
fidel-i. 



PLURAL. 


Mas. § fern. 


Neut. 


fidel-es, 


fidel-ia. 


fidel-ium, 


fidel-ium. 


fidel-ibus, 


fidel-ibus. 


fidel-es, 


fidel-ia. 


fidel-es, 


fidel-ia. 


fidel-ibus, 





APPENDIX. 



HW 



B1NGULAR, 



Third Declension. 
Velox, gen, Velocis, swift. 

PLURAL, 



m. 


f. Sf n. 


m. 8$f. 


neut. 


Nom 


. velox. 


veloc-es, 


veloc-ia. 


Gen. 


veloc-is. 


veloc-ium, 


veloc-ium 


Dat. 


veloc-i. 


veloc-ibus, 


veloc-ibus. 


Ace. 


veloc-em. 


veloc-e>, 


veldc-ia. 


Voc. 


velox. 


veloc-es 


veloc-ia. 


Abl. 


veloc-e, or i. 


veloc-ibus, 


veloc-ibus. 



Rem. — Adjectives of one termination have two in the plural, because 
the nom. ace, and voc. cases of the neuter plural always end in a. (See 
Remark to second declension of nouns.) 

IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES. 

The adjectives firms, one . 
declined thus : — 



duo, two ; and tres, three ; are 



unus, a, 


urn, one. 






Neut. 


Mas. 


Fern. 


Neut. 


un-um. 


Ace. un-um, 


un-am, 


un-um 


ill gen. 


Voc. un-e, 


un-a, 


un-um. 


un-i, 


Abl. un-o, 


un-a, 


un-o. 



Mas. Fe?n. 

Nom. un-us, un-a, 
Gen. un-ms, or unlus in all gen. 
Dat. un-i, un-i, 

Rem. — Unus and some other adjectives of three terminations make 
the genitive singular in ius, and the dative in i. The plural of unus 
is regularly declined like that of bonus, and is used with nouns that 
have no singular number, as unae Ut&rsi, one letter ; una mcenia {neut. 
ptu.) onejortijied wall, 

Duo, duae, duo, two. 



Fern. Neut. 

du-ae, duo. 

du-arum, du-6rum. 

du-abus, du-6bus. 

du-as, duo. 

du-ae, duo. 

du-abus, du-6bus. 

Rem.— Duo can only be used with reference to two objects, conse- 
quently has no singular. 

Tres, ?nas. 8ffem. f tria, neut. three. 



Mas. 
Nom. duo, 
Gen. du-6rum, 
Dat. du-6bus, 
Ace. du-6s, or duo, 
Voc. duo. 
Abl. du-6b;is, 



Mas. 


£$fem. 


Neut. 


Mas. &;fem. 


Neut. 


Norn 


ties, 


tria. 


Ace. ties, 


tria. 


Gen. 


tr-ium, 


tr-ium. 


Voc. tres, 


tria. 


Dat. 


tr-ibus, 


tr-ibus. 


Abl. tr-ibus, 


tr-ibus 



106 



APPENDIX. 



Rem. — Tres is an adjective of two terminations, and like duo, baa 
no singular. All the other numerals, from quatuor, four, to centum, 
a hundred, are indeclinable, as are also the adjectives tbt, so many, 
and quot, how many. 

PRONOUNS. 

There aifc fifteen pronouns in Latin, which are divided 
into five classes, thus : — 

1. The personals ego, sui f and ipse, which are declined thus :— 
Ego, I. 
First Person, 

SINGULAR. PLURAL. 



Kom. ego, /. 
Gen. mei, of me. 
Dat. mini, to me. 
Ace. me, me. 
Voc. not used. 
Abl. me, from me. 

Second Person, 

SINGULAR. PLURAL. 



nos, we. 

nostrum, or nostri, of us, 

nobis, to us. 

nos, us, 

not used. ■ 

nobis, from us. 



Vos, you. 

Vestrum or tri, of you, 

Vobis, to you, 

Vos, you. 

Vos, you, 

Vobis, with you* 



Nom, Tu, thou. 

Gen. Tui, of thee, 

Dat. TibI, to thee. 

Ace, Te, thee. 

Voc. Tu, thou, 

Abl, Te, with thee. 

Sui, of himself. 

SINGULAR AND PLURAL. 

Gen, Sui, of himself . ^ 

Dat. Slbi to himself '. t ker3elfi itsdA one ^ s sdA themse i ves . 

„46/. Se, % himself, ' 

Rem.— Sw lias no nominative or vocative cases, and the same forms 
serve for both singular and plural. Sometimes the accusative se is 
doubled, as inter sese, amongst themselves, or in speaking of two per- 
sons, between themselves. 

Ipse, himself, 

SINGULAR. 

Mas. Fern. Neut, 

from. Ips-e, ips-a ips-um, himself, herself, Itself, 

Gen, Ips-i us or ips-Ius, for all gen. of himself, herself itself, 

Dat. Ips-i, ips-i, ips-i, to himself ', herself ', itself. 

Ace. Ips-um, ips-am, ips-um, himself, herself, itself. 

Abl, Ips-o, ips-a, ips-o, by himself, herself, itself, 



APPENDIX. 107 

PLURAL. 

Mas Fern. Kent. 

Nam. Tps-i, ips-se, ips-a, themselves. 

Gen. Ips-6rum ; ips-arum, ips-orum, of themseltts. 

Dat. Ips-ig, ips-is, ips-is, to themselves. 

Ace, Ips-os, ips-as, ips-a, the?ns<lves. 

Abl. Ips-is, ips-is, ips-is, by themselves* 

Rem. — Sui and ipse are sometimes termed reflectives. Sui is mostly 
used after verbs absolutely ; ipse generally refers to some noun expressed 
or understood with which it agrees in gender, number and case. (See 
Ex. 76.) Sometimes both sui and ipse are used together, but in the 
accusative only, as se ipsura, he himself. 

2. The Possessives are — 

Mens, mea, meum, my or mine. 1 Yester, vestra, vestrum, your or 
Tuus, tua, tuum, thy or thine. your?, 

1 Suns, sua, suum, his, her, hers or its. Nostras, of our country. 
Noster, nostra, nostrum, our or Vestras, of your country, 
ours. Cujas, of what country. 

Of these the first five are declined like adjectives of the first declen- 
sion, except that mens makes mi in the vocative case singular mascu- 
line, and tuns and suus, as well as most other pronouns, have no vocative 
case. Nostras, vestras and cujas, have in the genitive nostratis, ves- 
wdtis, cujatis, and are declined like adjectives of the third declension. 

3. The Demonstratives, hlc f ille, iste, Xs y and Idem, are declined 
thus : — 

Hie, heec, hoc, this. 





SINGULAR. 




PLURAL. 






Mas. 


Fern. 


Kent. 


Mas. ' 


Fern. 


Neut. 


Kom. 


Hie, 


hsec. 


hoc 


hi, 


hse, 


hcec. 


Gen. 


Hujus, 


hujus 


, hujus 


horum, 


harum, 


ho rum. 


Bat. 


Huic, 


huic, 


huic 


his, 


his, 


his 


Ace. 


Hunc, 


hanc, 


hoc 


hos, 


has, 


hrec. 


Abl. 


Hoc, 


hac, 


hoc 
Ille, ilia, il 


his, 
iud, that. 


his, 


his. 


Nom. 


Ille, 


ilia, 1 


illud 


ill-i, 


ill-SB, 


lil-a. 


Gen. 


Ill-Tus 02 


• ill-ius in all gen. 


ill-orum, 


ill-arum, 


ill-orum 


Dat. 


UK 


ill-i, 


ill-i 


ill-is, 


ill-is, 


ill-is. 


Ace. 


Ill-um, 


ill-am 


ill-ud 


ill -os, 


ill -as, 


ill-a. 


Abl. 


Ill-o, 


ill-a 


ill-o 


ill-is 


ill-is, 


ill-is. 



Rem. — Iste, ista, istud, Is declined in the same way nsille, and often 
likewise stands for that. Hie denotes an obiect near or connected with 



308 



APPENDIX. 



the speaker ; ille mostly refers to an object connected with the person 
spoken of; and iste to an object connected with the person spoken to. 







Is, ea, 


id, 


that. 




SINGULAR. 






PLURAL. 




Mas. 


Fern. 


Neut, 




Mas. Fern. 


Nent. 


Nam. is, 


ea, 


Id 




ii, esc, 


ea. 


Gen. ejus, 


ejus, 


ejus 




edrum, earum, 


edrum. 


Dat. ei, 


ei, 


ei 




iis, eis, or is in all 


genders. 


Ace. eum, 


earn, 


id 




eos, eas, 


ea. 


Abl. ea, 


ea, 


eo 




iis, eis, or is, in all genders. 


In like manner is 


declined 1 


the 


compound Idem, 


eadem, idem ; 



gen. ejusdem, the same ; the accusative singular, however, of idem is 
more properly eundem, eandem, idem, and the genitive plural eorundem, 
edrundem, etc. than eumdem, eorumdem, etc. 

Rem.— Is and ille are also used as personal pronouns of the third 
person ; the nominatives for he, she, it, they ; and the oblique cases 
for him, her, it, them. 

4. The Relatives. There is properly only one relative, qui, — who ; 
but it has a great many compounds, as quidam, some one ; quivis or 
quillbet, any one; quicunque, whosoever. Qui and its compounds are 
declined thus: — 

Fern. Neut. 

quae, quae. 

quarum, quorum. 

queis or quis in all gen. 

quas, quse. 

quels or quis in all gen. 

Quis ? quae ? quid ? or quod ? who ? or what ? 
titer, utra ? utrum ? which of the two ? 
Qualis, e ? of what kind ? 
Quan tus, a, urn ? how great ? how much ? 
Quot? how many? 
Of these, quis is declined like §7/7; titer like unus ; qualis like ad- 
jectives of the second declension ; quantus like adjectives of the first 
declension; and quot is indeclinable. 

Compounds of quis, as aiTquis, allqua, altquid, or nlTquod, somebody, 
are declined like quis, but these for the most part make the feminine 
of the nominative case singular, and the nominative and accusative 
plural neuter in qua. Quisquis, whosoever, is irregular and defective, 
thus — 

Mas. Fern. Neut. 

Norn. Quisquis, , quidquid, or quicquid. 

Ace. , , quidquid, or quicquid. 

Abl, Quoquo, quaqua, quoquo. 





Mas. 


Fern. 


Neut. 




Mas. 


Nom 


Qui, 


quae, 


quod 




Qui, 


Gen. 


Cujus, 


cujus, 


cujus 




Quorum 


Dat. 


Cui, 


cui, 


cui 




Qulbus, 


Ace. 


Quem, 


quam, 


qubd 




Quos, 


Abl. 


Quo, 


qua, 


quo or 


qui 


Qui bus, 


5. 


The hit 


errogatives. Th 


ese a 


re — 



ENGLISH INDEX. 



The Numbers refer to the Exercises, not to the Pages. 



A, 3 rem. 

Ability, 34 

Abject, 91 
i Able, 1,20 
., Abominable, 80 
'i Abounding, 65, 132 

Abounds, 93 

Abstemious, 62 

Absurd, 105 
1 Accessary, 61 rem. 
: Accompanies, 129 

Accomplice. 61 rem. 

Accustomed, 132 

Acerra, 121 

Act, 28 rem. 

Active, 18 

Acute. 55, 93 

Addicted, 80 

Adherent. 61 rem. 

Adieu, 130 rem. 

Admirable, 59 

Admirably, 88 

Admiral, 87 

Admired, 55 

Advantage, 64 

Adverse, 86 

Advice, 3.119 

Advise, 93 

Advocate, 103 

Affable, 59 
g[lij Affair, 28 rem. 

Affairs of others, 
86 rem. 
y,l{ Affection, 103 
1ft Lj Affectionate, 97 
JB ' Afflicted, 67 
T. Afflicts, 114 
2„ : Affront, 131 
I African, adj. 116 

, sub. 116 

rem. 3 

After, 100 

-—this, 10? 



Again, 100 
Age, 81, 85, 109 
Agesilaus, 121 
Agreeable, 35, 98 

rem. 
Ailing, 23 
Air, 131 
Alas! 130 
Albeit, 112 
Albert, 27 
Alcibiades, 121 
Alder tree, 103 
Alexander, 99 
Alien, 86 
All, 42, 66 rem., 

122, 124 rem. 
Ally. 61 rem., 131 
Almost, 66, 88 
Alone, 51 
Alpha, 125 
Also, 48, 100 
Although, 48,112 
Altogether, 42, 52 
Alwavs, 12, 66 
Am, 90, 92 rem., 114 

rem., 120. 
Ambassador, 29, 92 

rem. 
Amber, 57 
Amiable, 49, 91 
Amusing, 98 rem. 
An, 3 rem. 
Ancient, 89, 123 
And, 10, 48 rem., 

126 rem. 

so, 48. 

then, Q6. 

yet, 112. 

Anger, 81 
Animal, 17 
Annoying, 49 
Another, 22, 60 
■■ man's, 86 



Ant, 79 

Antagonist, 109 
Antigone, 127 
Antigonus, 127 
Antiquity, 109 
Antony, 121 
Any, 70 rem., 78 
— — one, 78 

thing, 45, 78, 

124 rem. 

where, 58 

Appears, 114 
Apple, 103 rem. 
Application, 75 
Arable, 107 
Archelaus, 121 
Architect, 134 
Are, 90 
Arrogant, 65 
Arrow, 131 
Art, 85, aux. 90 

of war, 133 

As, 46,48,54,74,82, 
86 rem., 92 rem., 
112, 128, 129 rem. 

— as, 128. 

— much, 48, 54, 112 
— as, 100 

— (much) as possi- 
ble, 48 

— often as, 100 

— well as, 82, 128 
Ascanius, 127 
Asia, 99 

Ask, 93 
Asks for, 93 
Ass, 31 
Assiduous, 71 
Associate, 29 rem. 
Association, 29 
Assuredly, 122 
Astute, 132 
At first, €6 



At last, 66 

— least, 48, 66 ren\ 

— length, 6Q 

— leisure, 18 

— one time, 108 

— that time, 112 
Athenian, adj. 116 

sM&.116rem.3 

Atrocious, 65 
Attendant, 61 rem. 
Atticus,99 
Audacious, 72 
Author, 25 
Authority, 61 
Autumn, 85 
Avarice, 53 
Awkward, 102 

Bad, 4 

Banishment, 57 
Bank, 95 
Barn, 109 
Barren, 40 
Base, 44, 91 
Bashfulness, 81 
Battle, 119 
Bay, 36 
Be, 84, 124 

— in health, 120 
rem. 

— well, 130 rem. 
Beast, 27 rem. 
Beautiful. 22, 105 
Beauty, 87, 95 
Because, 74, 112 
Bed, 16 

Bee, 19 

Been, 84, 96, 108 

rem., 124 
Before, 100 
Beggar, 134 
Beginning, 81, 119 

■ of, 102 rem. 

K 



110 



ENGLISH INDEX. 



Believe, S4, 53 
Believes, 93 
Beloved, 51 
Bench, 5 
Beneficent, 55 
Beneficial, 59 
Benevolence, 109 
Benevolent, 118 
Besides, 74 
Best, 51 
Betray, 101 
Better, adv. 64 

, adj. 73 

Biped, G5 

Bird, 17 rem., 19, 83 
Birth, 44 

Bitter, 23, 107, 132 
Black, 22, 86 
Blame, 69, 102 rem. 
Blamed, 102 rem. 
Blameworthy, 102 
Bland, 118 
Blemish, 33 rem. 
Blessed, 64 
Blessing, 64, 109 
Blind, 123 
Blithsome, 98 rem. 
Blooming, 9S rem. 
Blunt, 97 
Body, 77 
Bold, 72 
boldly, 88 
Bond, 103 
Pondage, 125 
5»ook, 16 
^crn, 132 
Both, 128 
Bound, 118 
Boundary, 45 
Bountiful, 55 
Boy, 1 
Branch, 119 
Srass, 125, 132 
Brave, 44, 72, 89 
Brazen, 132 
Bread, 7 

Breast, 37 rem., 134 
Breath, 37 
Breeze, 79 
Brennus, 111 
Brevity, 61 
Brief, 40 
Bright, 35, 91 
Brilliant, 55 

in hue, 98- 

rem . 
Bring, 101 
Brisk, 98 rem., 107 
Britain, 99 
Briton ; 99,116reni,3 



Broad, 89 
Bronze, 125 
Broth, 17 
Brother, 3 
Brow, 69 
Brown, 86 
Brute, 27 rem. 
Buffoon, 125 
Building, 61, 113 

rem. 
Builds, 93 
Built, 89 
Bull, S3 
Burden, 81, 134 
Buried, 129 
Busy, 18 
But, 10, 74, 110 

if, 112 

little, 66 

that, 112 

By and by, 108 

— far, 52 

— name, 134 

— no means,66rem. 
122 

— what means ? 82 



r, 111 

Calamity, 87 
Called, 114 
Calm, 35, 98 
Calumny, 69 
Came, 114 
Camp, 113 
Can, 120 
Cane, 47 rem. 
Capacity, 133 
Capital, adj. 91 

sub. 113 

Captivity, 134 
Captured, 80, 129 
Care, 57 
Careless, 62 
Carelessness, 53 
Caressing, 118 
Carthage, 111 
Carthaginian, adj. 

116 

— sub. 116 

rem. 3 
Cat, 131 
Catalina, 99 
Cato, 121 
Cause, 57 
Celebrated, 107 
Censure, 102 
Ceres, 39 
Certain, 49 



Certainly, 52 rem., 

88 
Champaign, 107 
Changeable, 59, 118 
Changed, 118 
Chapel, 113 rem. 
Chaplet, 131 
Charity, 103 
Charles, 99 
Charming, 68 
Chaste, 123 
Cheap, 91 
Cheerful, 98 
Chief, 24, 87, 118 
dullness, 119 
Choose, 92 rem., 104 

apart, 84 rem. 

Chose, 104 
Chremes, 99 
Christ, 127 
Cicero, 111 
Cincinnatus, 127 
Circumstance, 28 

rem. 
Citizen, 28 
City, 39, 75 
Clear, 35, 98 
Clement, 62 
Cleopatra, 121 
Clever, 55 
Climate, 33 
Cloak, 109 
Cloth, 134 
Clothed, 80 
Clothes, 77 
Cluster of grapes, 

103 
Cock, 103 
Codrus, 121 
Coin, 125 
Cold, adj. 9 

sub. 119 

Colleague, 29 
Colour, 63 
Combat, 119 rem. 
Come, 114 
Comes, 114 
Comfort, 109 
Comforts, 129 
Commander, 37 
Commandment, 1 

rem. 
Commendable, 102 
Commendation, 131 
Common, 59 

■ people, 87 

Cornmomvealth, 75 
Companion, 29rem., 

61,87 
Comrade, 61 rem. 



Condiment, 75 
Condition, 131 
Confederate, 61 

rem. 
Conjunction, 95 
Conquered, 67 
Conscience, 95 
Consecrated, 98 
Consequently, 10 
Considerate, 9 
Consideration, 53 
Consistent, 91 
Consoles, 129 
Consort, 29 
Conspirator, 113 
Constructed, 89 
Consul, 85 
Content, 18 
Contented, 18 
Contemptible, 123 
Continual, 123 
Continually, 88 
Cook, 53 
Cool, 9 
Copious, 65 
Corn-field, 95 
Corinth, 127 
Correctly, 52 
Corrupt," 118 
Costly, 30 
Cottage, 134 
Couch, 16 
Council, 19 
Counsel, 3 
Counsellor, 27 
Country, 53 rem., 

63,75,87 
Countryman, 28 
Courage, 34, 95 
Courageous, 44 
Court, 41 
Court-house, 95 

Courteous, 44, 68 

Covetous, 105 

Covetousness, 87 

Cow, 83 

Crafty, 9 

Creature, 17 rem. 

Credulous, 89 

Crime, 69 

Crony, 61 rem. 

Crooked, 51, 118 

Crown, 131 

Cruel, 40 

Crystal, 95 

Current, 85 rem. 

Curved, 51 

Cynegirus, 127 

Cyprus, 111 

Cyrus, 111 



ENGLISH INDEX. 



55 



Daily, 100 
Dale, 113 
Damocles, 121 
Damp, 123 
Danger, 103 
Dangerous, 51 
Daring, 65, 72 
Darius, 127 
Dark, 67 
Datames, 121 
Daughter, 5 
Day, 79 
Dead, 89 
Deal, 13, 52 
Dear, 51 
Death, 21 
Debt, 125 
Decease, 131 
Deceit, 125 
Deceitful, 65 
Deceived, 105 
December, 53 
Dedicated, 98 
Deed, 28 rem. 
Deep, 36 rem., 

rem. 
Defiled, 89 
Definition, 103 
Deformity, 33 rem, 
Deity, 109 
Delay, 81 
Delaying, 81 
Delays, 129 
Delicious, 68 
Delight, 28 
Delighted, 105 
Delightful, 68, 98 

rem. 
Delights, 93 
Delivered, 129 
Demosthenes, 121 
Demure, 89 
Dense, 67, 89 
Depraved, 118 
Deservedly, 88 
Design, 19 rem. 
Desirable, 102 
Desire, 87, 104 
Desired, 102, 104 
Desires, 104 
Despatch, 92 rem. 
Destruction, 87, 134 
Destructive, 91 
Detect, 101 
Detestable, 91 
Devouring, 72 
Devout, 71 
Dictator, 61 
Dictatorship, 119 
Did, 117, 122 rem, 



Die, 110 
Difficult, 44 
Difficulty, 119 
Diligence, 53 
Diligent, 62 
Dinner, 103 rem. 
Diogenes, 111 
Dionysius, 121 
Disadvantageous, 

55 
Disagreeable, 35 
Discipline, 95, 125 
Discourse, 119 
Discretion, 19 rem. 
Disease, 134 
Diseased, 30 
Disgraceful, 44 
Dishonest, 13 
Dishonesty, 119 
Diszadi, 91 
Disobliging, 60 
Disposition, 133 
Dispute, 61 
Dissimilar, 91 
Dissolute, 123 
Ditch, 113 
Divine, 71 
Do, 117, 122 rem, 
Docile, 73 
Does, 117 rem. 
Dolphin, 134 
Door-keeper, 61 
Dost, 117 
Double-faced, 72 
Doubtful, 49, 72,132 
Dressed, 80 
Drink, 33, 101 
Dull, 23, 91, 97 
Dumb, 118 
Durable, 68 
Dust, 95 
Dutiful, 13 
Duty, 134 

Earth, 53 
Easier, 10S 
East, 134 
Easy, 44 
Eat, 101 
Eats, 114 
Eccentric, 68 
Economy, 81 
Edge, 119 rem. 
Edifice, 61, 113 rem. 
Education, 103, 113 
Egyptian, adj., 116 

■ subs., 116 

rem. 3. 
Either, 128 
Elegant, 97 



Elephant, 83 
Eligible, 97 
Eloquent, 80, 97 
Else, 60 

Emergency, 133 
Eminent, 72, 102 
Emperor, 37 
Empire, 37 
Encounter,119 rem. 
End, 45, 100 
Enduring, 62 
Enemy, 77 
Energetic, 132 
England, 99 
English, 116 
Englishman, 116 

rem. 3 
Enlightened, 59 
Enmity, 95 
Enough, 58 
Enterprise, 28 rem. 
Entertainment, 87 
Entire, 42 
Entrust, 92 rem. 
Envied, 49 rem. 
Envious, 49 
Epaminondas, 99 
Ephesian, adj., 116 
— subj., 116 

rem. 
Equal, 91, 97 
Erect, 36 rem. 
Err, 101 

Especially, 74, 112 
Estate, 29 
Eternal, 71 
Eugenia, 39 
Europe, 99 
Evasive, 105 
Even,48,74,122 rem. 

if, 48 

Ever, 58 
Every, 42 

— day, 100 

part of, 42 

person, 118 

rem. 
thing, 118 

rem. 

where, 58 

Evil, adj., 4 rem. 

sub., 109 

Exalted, 36 rem. 
Example, 11 
Excellent, 97 
Excelling, 97 
Except, 74 
Exception, 69 
Excessive, 132 
Execution, 64 



in 

Exemplary, 132 
Exercise, 53, 93 
Exile, 57 
Existence, 37 
Expected, 118 
Expert, 105, 118 
Exquisite, 105 
Extraordinary, 68, 

97 
Extravagant, 123 

Face, 133 
Fact, 28 rem. 
Faith, 87 
Faithful, 59 
Faithfully, 88 
False, 65, 132 
Falsehood, 63 
Fame, 113 
Familiar, 102 
Family, 34, 81 
Famous, 107 
Far, 52, 100 

off, 52 

Farewell, 130 
Fat, 89, 98 rem. 
Fatal, 123 
Fate, 57 
Father, 1 
Fatiguing, 98 
Fault, 33, 64, 69 rem. 
Favourable, 86 
Featherless, 73 
February, 53 
Fellow, 25 rem., US 

rem. 
— traveller, 61 

rem. 
Ferocious, 65 
Fertile, 40 
Fidelity. 87 
Field, 29 
Fierce, 72 
Fight, 119 rem. 
Figure, 64, 87 
Filthv, 123 
Fine, 22, 35, 49 
Finger, 113 
Firm, 89, 118 
First, adj., 51 

adv., 66 

Fir-tree, 134 
Fixed, 49 
Flagrant, 91 
Flaw, 33 rem. 
Fleeting, 62 
Flesh, 77 
Flight, 41 
Flood of tears, 85 

rem. 



112 

Floor, 53 rem. 
Flower, 19 
Flowing,85rem.,118 
Foe, 77 

Follower. 61 rem. 
Folly, 109 rem. 
Fond of, 84 rem. 

■ fighting, 62 

Food, 33 

Foolish, 4 rem., 67 
Foolishness, 133 
Foot, 107 

of, 102 rem. 

For, 74 

me, 115 

Forasmuch as, 74 
Force, 75 
Forehead, 69 
Foreign, 89 
Forest, 11 
Forgiveness, 57 
Form, 87 
Former, 128 
Formerly, 108 
Forthwith, 108 
Fortress, 77 
Fortunate, 80, 118 
Fortune, 57 
Foul, 86, 123 
Fountain, 113 
Fox, 31 
Fragile, 73 
Frail, 73 
Frank, 102 
Frantic, 62 
Fraudulent, 4 rem. 
Fray, 119 rem. 
Free, 23 
Freely, 88 
French, 116 
Frenchman, 103 
Frequently, 82 rem. 
Fresh, 123 
Friend, 32 
Friendly, 105 
Friendship, 95 
Frightened, 105 
Frolicsome, 98 rem. 
From where, 108 

thence, 66 

Frugal, 60 
Fruitful, 67 
Fugitive, 95 
Full, 123 
Furrow, 85 
Further, 108 
Fury, 77 
Future, 108, 132 

Gable, 45 rem. 



ENGLISH INDEX. 



Gain, 119 

Gallant, 72 
Garden, 43 

wall, 45 

Gate, 125 

Gather up, 92 rem. 
Gaul, 103 
Gave, 129 
Gay, 35, 93 
General, 87 
Generally, 12 
Generosity, 119 
Generous, 15 
Gentle, 44 
Gently, 88 
Geometry, 109 
German, adj., 116 

■ sub, ,116 rem. 

Gift, 43 

Girl, 1 

Give, 93, 101, 129 

Given to anger, 60 

Gives, 93 

■ way, 93 

Glad, 98 rem. 
Gladly, 88 
Glass, 95 
Globe, 53 rem., 57 
Gloomy, 86 
Glorious, 98 
Gluttonous, 72 
Gnat, 131 
Go, 84 
God, 25 
Goddess, 39 
Godly, 71 
Gold, 47 
Golden, 132 
Good, adj., 2 

sub., 109 

bye, 130 

evening, 

rem. 
morning, 

rem. 

looking, 105 

Goose, 83 
Government, 37 
Governor, 95, 119 
Gown, 109 
Graceful, 49 
Gracious, 55 
Grand, 98 
Grandson, 119 
Grape, 103 
Grass, 16 
Grateful, 35 
Grave, 68 
Great, 6, 13, 52, 9! 

102, 128 



130 

130 



Greek, adj., 116 

s?^.,116rem.3 

Green, 91 
Grey, 123 
Grief, 95 
Ground, 53 
Grove, 11, 134 
Gruel, 17 
Guilt, 64, 119 
Guiltless, 97 
Guilty, 80, 97 

Had, 84, 129 

been, 124 

Hail! 130 
Hallo now ! 130 
Hand, 85 
Handsome, 49, 105 
Hannibal, 121 
Happiness, 64 
Happy, 80 
Hard, 15 
Hardy, 44 
Hare, 83 
Harmodius, 127 
Harsh, 15 
Has, 92 
been, 96, 108 

rem. 
Hasty, 60 

Hated. 49 rem., 105 
Hateful, 49 
Haughty, 36 rem. 
Have, 84, 92 

been, 96 

■ lost, 129 

He, 50 rem. ,56 rem., 

86 rem., 90 
— who, 46 
Head, 113 
Health, 113, 134 
to you ! 130 

rem. 
Healthy, 30 
Hear, 84, 92 
Hears, 92 
Heart, 37 rem. 
Heartless, 55 
Heavy, 68 
Hebrus, 111 
Heedless, 89 
Henceforward, 108 
Her, 20, 87, 104 

rem. 
Herb, 16 
Here, 54 
Here ? 100 
Heretofore, 108 
Herodotus, 127 
Hers, 20 



Herself, 76, 106 
Hidden, 118 
Hideous, 86 
Hiding-place, 43 
High, 36, 44, 72, 73, 

98 

spirited,36rem. 

Highwayman, 79 
Himself, 76, 106 
Hinder, 101 
Hipparchus, 127 
His,20,87,104rem, 
History, 69 
Hitherto, 66 
Hollow, 89 
Holy, 105 
Home, 34 
Homer, 98 
Honest, 13 
Honey, 16 
Honour, 109 
Honourable, 18 
Honoured, 118 
Hope, 47 
Horse, 16, 133 
Hostile, 105 
Hot, 9 
Hour, 95 
House, 34 
How, 48, 82 
■ are you ? 13C 

rem. 

great, 102 

- — large, 102 

much, 102 

so, 82 rem. 

However, 48 
Huge, 97 
Human, 15 

being, 24 

Humane, 15 
Humble, 73 
Hunger, 43 
Hurtful, 4 rem., 30, 

97 
Husband, 25 41 rem. 
Husbandman, 103 
Hut, 57 
Hyacinth, 57 

I, 38, 90 rem.. 
Idle, 18 
Idleness, 33 
If, 10, 112, 133 rem. 

— not, 112 
Ignorance, 81 
Ignorant, 105 
111, adj., 23 

— adv., 52 

— meaning, 4 rem. 



ENGLISH INDEX, 



11? 



Illustrious, 55, 91, 
123 

Image, 64 
Imitation, 134 
Immoral, 13 
Immortal, 40 
Impede, 101 
Imperious, 89 
Impertinent, 102 
Impiety, 125 
Important, 6S 
Impression, 125 
Improper, 102 
Imprudent, 97 
Impudently, 88 
In a manner, 83 

— danger, 114 

— future, 108 

— good condition, 
98 rem. 

— no wise, 66 rem. 

— time past, 108 

— truth, 108 
Inactive, 18 
Inactivity, 81 
Inasmuch as, 54 
Income, 81 

* Inconstant, 49 
Indeed, 52, 108 
Indian, adj., 116 

sub., 116 rem. 3 

Indifferently, 52 
Indigence, 119 
IndividuahllS rem. 
Indolent, 18 
Indulgent, 123 
Industrious, 9 
Inebriety, 63 
Infatuation, 81 
Infirm, 71 
Influence, 61 
Ingredient, 75 
Iniquitous, 55 
Injurious, 30 
Injury, 125 
Inn, 57 
Innocent, 97 
Insatiable, 55, 72 
Insect, 17 rem., 83 

rem. 
Insignia, 64 
Instinct, 32 
Integrity, 69 
Intellect, 37 
Intelligent, 72 
Intemperate, 62 
Intention, 19 rem. 
Interesting, 98 rem. 
Intimate, 61 rem., 

ST, 



Invidious, 49 
■Iphicrates, 111 
Irascible, 60 
Ireland, 99 
Irksome, 98 
Iron, 47, 132 rem. 
Is, 8, 44 rem., 48, 56, 

64 rem., 70, 90 
— , aux, 114 
Island, 39 
Islander, 125 
It, 50, 56 rem., S6 

rem., 90 
Its, 20, 104 rem. 
Itself, 76, 106 
Ivory, 109 

Jerusalem, 111 
Jocund, 98 rem. 
Join, 93 
Jolly, 98 rem. 
Journey, 131 
Jovial, 98 rem. 
Joy, 28 

Joyful, 98 rem., 118 
Joyous, 98 rem; 
Judge, 41 
Judgment, 25 
Juno, 121 
Jupiter, 121 
Just. 9 

now, 108 

Justice, 17 

119 

Justly, 108 

Keen, 55, 107 
Kind, 35 
Kindness, 64 
Kindred, §1 
King, 19 
Know, 84, 92 
Knowledge, 109 
Known, 123 
Knows, 92 

Laborious, 98 
Labour, 79 
Lacedemonian, 55 
Lady, 31 
Land, 29, 53 
Language, 79 
Large, 6, 98, 123 
Lasting, 68 
Latin, 116 
Latter, 128 
Law, 17, 63 
Lazy, 23 
reader, 87 



Leaf, 119 
Learn, 101 
Learned, 36 
Learning, 103, 123' 
Least, 48, 66 
Left, adj., 93 

, verb, 129 

— — hand, 125 
Legislator, 113 
Leisure, 18 
Lenient, 59 
Lenity, 69 
Less, 66 rem., 122 
Letter, 85, 131 
Liberal, 59 
Liberality, 109 rem. 
Liberty, 113 
Licentious, 71 
Lies hid, 114 

open, 114 

Lieutenant-gen., 29 
Life, 11 
Light, 63, 73 
Lightning, 125 
Like, verb, 84, rem. 

104 

, adj., 73, 91, 97 

Liked, 104 
Likes, 104 
Likewise, 48 
Limit, 45 
Line, 69 
Linked together, 

132 
Lion, 83 
Lioness, 83 
Little, adj., 6, 97 

-, adv., 66, 97 

— , sub., 109 

Live, 101 

Livelv, 98 rem., 107 
Lofty, 36 
London, 99 
Long, 6, 100 
Longer, 100, 108 
Lord, 17 
Lost, 123, 129 
Loud, 9S 
Love, verb, 84 

, sub., 85 

Lovely, 22 
Loves, 92 
Low, 73 
Luscious, 68 
Luxuriously, 66 
Lydian, 116 

Madness, 77, 81, 133 
Magnificent, 35 
Magnitude, 95 



Maintains, 91 
Majesty, 119 
Malady, 134 
Male, 25 
Malicious, 49 
Maltese, 116 
Man, 24 rem., 25, 

118 rem. 
Mankind, 125 
Manliness, 34 
Manner, 88 
Man-servant, 134 
Marcus, 121 
Maritime, 132 
Mark, 121 
Market-place, 119 
Marshy, 107 
Master, 17, 31 
Matter, 28 rem. 
Maxim, 1 rem. 
May, 120 
Me, 106, 115 
Mean, 59 
Means, 66 rem., £\ 

rem., 122 
Meat, 33, 77 
Mechanical, 91 
Medicine, 31 
Meek, 44 
Megara, 111 
Mellow, 44 
Merchant, 19 
Merciful, 62 
Merry, 98 
Messenger, 16 
Metal, 47 
Metiscus, 127 
Middle, 102 

of, 102 

Middling, 135 
Midst, 102 
Mild, 44, 59, 132 
Mildness, 33 
Military, 91 
• discipline, 

133 
Milk, 134 
Miltiades, 111 
Mimics, 129 
Mind, 37, 95 rem. 
Mine, 20 
Mirthful, 98 rem. 
Mischief, 109 rem. 
Mischievous, 4 rem. 

86 
Miser, 103 
Misfortune, 119 
Mishap, 119 
Mistress, 31 
Moderate, 60 

K 3 



114 



ENGLISH INDEXo 



Modern, 105 
Modest, 105 
Modesty, 61 
Money, 32,125 rem. 
Mouth, 41 
Moon, 79 
Moral, 13 
More, adv., 66, 82 

rem., 108 

■ , adj., 97 

, easily, 108 

Morose, 118 
Mortal, 40 
Most, 82 rem. 
Mother, 1 
Mountain, 69 
Much, adj., 13, 102, 

123 
, adv., 52. 54, 

100, 112 
Munificent, 89 
Must, 102 rem., 120 
Mutable, 59, 118 
My, 20, 87 rem.. 104 

rem., 131 rem. 
Myself, 106 



Nsevius, 127 
Name, 95, 3 34 rem 
Naples, 99 
Napoleon, 39 
Narrow, 89 
Nasty, 86 
Nation, 125, 131 
Native soil, 87 
Nature, 47 
Necessary, 67, 97 
Need, 103 
Needful, 97 
Negligence, 53 
Negligent, 62 
Neighbour, 85 
Neither, 74, 128 
Neptune, 127 
Nero, 121 
Never, 58 

more, 82 rem. 

Nevertheless, 48 
New, 123 
Newness, 113 
News, 16 
Next, 66, 86 
Niggardly, HSrem. 
Night, 63 
No, 36, 100, 122 rem. 
Nobility, 45 
Noble, 36 rem., 44, 

55,98 
Nobleman, 17 



Nobody, 25 
None, 36 
Nor, 74, 128 
Not, 12, 54, 84, 92, 

100,112, 122 rem., 
at all, 66 rem., 

122 

intheleast,122 

so, 82 

not the less, 60 

rem. 

very, 122 

Noted, 44 
Nothing, 45,124 rem 
■ at all, 124 

rem. 
Nourishes, 129 
Novelty, 113 
Now, 100, 108 
Nowhere, 58 
Noxious, 30 
Number, 95 
Nut, 63 

O! 108 

— that! 103 
Obey, 84 
Obliging, 59 
Obscure, 67 
Observes, 114 
Occasion, 103, 133 
Occupation, 28 rem. 
Odious, 49 
Of, 42, 72 rem., 102 

rem., 131 rem. 

— great renown, 98 

— hers, 131 rem. 

— high birth, 44 

— his, 131 rem. 

— its, 131 rem. 

— ours, 131 rem. 

— vours, 131 rem. 
Offensive, 86 
Often, 12, 100 
Oftener, 100 
Oil, 134 
Old, 62, 89 

age, 85 

man, 24 

woman, 24, 33 

Olive, 109 

tree, 109 

Omega, 125 
Omen, 95 
On fire, 114 

— foot, 107 

— horseback, 107 
Once, 100, 108 
One, 25, 51, 131 rem. 
One another, 128 



One's own, 20, 87 

self, 106 

Only, adj., 51 

, adv., 66 

Open, 51 

Openly, 88 

Opinion, 79, 131 

Opportune, 118 

Opportunity, 133 

Opulent, 65 

Or, 10, 74, 82, 112, 
128, 131 rem. 

Orange, 103 

Oration, 79 

Orator, 103 

Order, 125 

Ostrich, 31 

Other, 22,60 

people's bu- 
siness, 86 rem. 

Otherwise, 54, 82 

Ought, 102 rem.,120 

Our, 26, 131 rem. 

Ours, 26 

Out of danger, 86 

Outward, 89 

Overshadows, 129 

Overthrows, 129 

Own, 20, 87, 104 
rem. 

Ox, 83 

Oyster, 83 

Pain, 95 
Palace, 41 
Palrenion, 121 
Palaeopolis, 99 
Pan, 127 
Pardon, 57 
Parent, 25 
Part, 27, 42 
Partial to, 84 rem. 
Partnership, 29 
Passable, 135 
Passion, 87 
Passionate, 72 
Past, 108 
Paternal, 80 
Path, 11 
Patience, 131 
Patient, 62 
Paul, 127 
Peace, 63 
Peaceful, 98 
Peacock, 83 
Pear, 103 rem. 
Peasant, 103 
Pebble, 134 
Pelopidas, 111 
People, 21, 86 



Perfect, 67 
Perfume, 103 
Perhaps, 58 
Perish, 101 
Pernicious, 30 
Perpetual, 123 
Person, 24, 118 rem 
Personage, 118 rem. 
Perspicuously, 88 
Pest, 87 
Pestilent, 89 
Philip, 99 
Philosopher, 28 
Philosophy, 28 
Phocion, 111 
Physic, 34 
Physician, 95 
Picture, 64 
Piety, 131 
Pilot, 119 
Pine-tree, 113 
Pious, 71 
Pisistratus, 127 
Pitiable, 59 
Pitiless, 118 
Place, 11 
Plain, 113 
Plainly, 88 
Plan, 19 rem. 
Plato, 121 
Play, 113 
Pleasant, 98 rem. 
Pleased, 105 
Pleases, 93 
Pleasing, 35, 68, 98 

rem. 
Pleasure, 79 
Pledge, 125 
Pledged, 129 
Pliant, 44 
Pluto, 121 
Poem, 113 
Poet, 61 

Poisonous, 4 rem. 
Polite, 135 
Politic, 132 
Poor, 65 
Popilius, 111 
Poplar-tree, 21 
Populace, 21 
Populous, 97 
Position, 57 
Poverty, 69 
Power, 37, 75, 86, 

119 
Powerful, 44, 97 
Practice, 53,76,131 
Practise, 93 
Praetor, 96 
Praise, 21 



ENGLISH IKDEX. 



115 



Praised, 102 
Praiseworthy, 102 
Prattle, 131 
Precept, 1 
Preceptor, 81 
Precious, 30 
Pre-eminent, 72 
Preparation, 87 
Prepared, 80 
Preparing, 87 
Present, sub., 43 

, adv., 108 

Presently, 108 
Pressed. 123 
Pretty, 22, 105 
Priest, 113 
Priestess, 113 
Prince, 24 
Princess, 24 
Principal, sub., 24 

, adj., 118 

Prison, 77 
Private, 89 
Probity, 95 
Prodigious, 97 
Productive, 67 
Profane, 123 
Prolific, 80 
Prominent, 72 
Pronounced, 132 
Property, 28 rem. 
Propitious, 98 
Prosperity, 64 
Prosperous, 86 
Protects, 93 
Proud, 36 rem., 89 
Province, 53 rem. 
Prudence, 103 
Prudent, 62 
Public, 89 

execution,64 

Punishment, 21, 64 
Pupil, 27 
Pure, 15 
Purpose, 19 rem. 

Quadruped, 133 
Quality, 34 
Quarrelsome, 123 
Queen, 19 
Quickly, 88 
Quiet, 89 
Quite, 52, 122 

Raging, 114 
Raised, 129 
Rapid, 107 
Rapidlv. 88 
Rare, 71 
ttarely, 88 



Rashly, 88 
Raven, 31 
Read, 84, 92, 102 
Readable, 102 
Reading, 92 rem. 
Reads, 92 
Ready, 80 
Real, 67 
Really, 108 
Reason. 53 
Rebuked, 102 
Receive, 101 , 
Red, 71 
Reddish, 36 
Refuge, 109, 
Region, 63 
Relentless, 55 
Relieved, 101 
Remains, 92 
Remarkable, 91, 102 
Remedy, 34, 131 
Remember, 129 
Remiss, 118 
Renowned, 44 
Repetition, 131 
Reprehensible, 102 
Representation, 64 
Reptile, 17 rem., 83 
Republic, 75 
Reputation, 113 
Rescued, 129 
Resemblance, 64 
Rest, 33, 102 
Restrain, 101 
Reward, 21 
Rhea, 127 
Rich, 65 rem. 
Ridiculous, 105 
Right, sub., 17, 69 

, adj., 98 

hand, 125 

Righteous, 18 
Ring, 47 
Ripe, 44 
Rising, 109 
River, 75, 85 rem. 
Road, 11 
Robust, 71 
Rock, 77 
Roman, adj.-, 116 

, sM&.,116rem.3 

Rome, 39 
Roof, 53, rem. 
Root, 109 
Rose, 113 
Rough, 23 
Royal, 89 
Rude, 23, 44 
Rugged, 23, 44 
Ruin, 87 



Rule, 1 rem. 
Ruler, 37, 131 
Run, 101 

Sacred, 98, 123 
Sad, 59 
Safe, 86 
Safety, 134 
Sagacious, 97 
Said, 114 
Sailor, 103 
Salubrious, 107 
Salutary, 59 
Same, 86 
Sane, 30 
Satisfied, 18 
Sauce, 76 
Say, 84, 114, 129 
Says, 114 
Saying, 131 
Scanty, 89 
Scent, 131 
Scholar, 27 
School-fellow, 61 

rem. 
Schoolmaster, 31 

rem. 
Science, 109 
Scythian, adj., 116 
, sub., 116 

rem. 
Sea, 19, 75 
Season, 33 
Second, 86 
Secret, 118 
Secure, 86 
Sedulous, 71 
See, 84, 92 
Seems, 114 
Sees, 92 
Segesta, 111 
Seized, 129 
Seldom, 88 
Self, 106 
Self-denying, 62 
Semiramis, 99 
Send, £2 rem. 
Sensible, 72 
Serene, 35 
Serious, 15 
Serpent, 83 
Servant, 32 
Serve, 84 
Set at liberty, 129 
Setting, 109 
Severe, 15, 68 rem. 
Severity, 69 
Shadow, 109 
Shady, 105 
Shall be, 96 



Shameful, 44 
Shape, 87 
Sharp, 55, 107 
She, 50 rem.,56 rem, 

90 

herself, 76 

who, 46 

Ship, 103 
Shop, 57 
Shore, 95 
Short, 40 
Shortness, 61 
Should,102rem.,120 
Shout, 69 
Shun, 93 

Sicilian, adj., 116 
sub,, 116 

rem. 3 
Sicily, 99 
Sick, 23 
Sickly, 30 
Silent, 118 
Silly, 62, 102 
Silver, 47 
Similar, 91 
Simple, 97 
Since that, 74 
Sincere, 104 
Sinful, 4 rem. 
Single, 51, 68, 97 
Singular, 68 
Sister, 3 
Site, 57 
Situated, 89 
Skilful, 105, 118 
Skill, 85 

Skirmish, 119 rem. 
Sky, 41 
Slave, 32 
Sleep, 134 
Slender, 36 rem., 91 
Slightly, 88 
Slim, 91 
Slothful, 65, 91 
Slow, 23, 118 
Sly, 9 

Small, 6, 132 
Smell, 131 
Smiling, 98 rem. 
Snow, 63 
So, 48, 54, 66, 82 

100, 102, 122 rem* 

128, rem. 

— as, 12S 

— great as, 128 

— much, 102 

as, 128 

Sober, 36 
Sociable, 102 
Society, 29 



116 

Socrates, 99 
Soil, 53 
Soft, 44 
Soldier, 28 
Sole, 53 rem. 
Solid, SO, US 
Solomon, 121 
Solon, 111 
Some,70rem.,7S,132 

one, 78 

Something-, 78 
Sometimes, 12 
Somewhat, 97 
Son, 5 
Song, 32 
Soon, 100 
Soothsayer, 134 
Sordid, 59 
Sorrow, 57 
Sort, 73 
Soul, 37 
Sound, 30, 86 
Soup, 17 
Sour, 107 
Source, 113 
Sovereign, 37 
Sown, 89 
Spacious, G7, 123 
Sparrow, 83 
Spartan, 55 
Speak, 84, 114, 129 
Speaks, 114 
Spectre, 64 
Speech, 79 
Spendthrift, 119 
Spiee, 75 
Spirit, 37:' 
Spirited, 105 
Splendid, 35 
Spoke, 114 
Sport, 113 
Sportive, 98 rem. 
Spring, 85 
Stag, 31 
Stagnant, 65 
Stain, 33 rem. 
Stamp, 125 rem. 
Star, 134 rem. 
State, 75 

Stately, 36, rem., 67 
Statue, 64 
Steal, 92 rem. 
Step, 32 
Sterile, 40 
Stern, 60 
Stick, 47 
Still, 66 

Stone, 77, 132 rem, 
Stormy, 86 
Stout, 132 



ENGLISH INDEX, 



Straight, 36 rem., 

98 
Straining, 61 
Strange, 68 
Strength, 75 
stretched forth, 129 
Strife, 119 rem. 
Strong, 44, 89, 132 
Struck out, 114 
Structure, 113 rem. 
Study, 75, 93 
Studies, 93 
Stupid, 67 
Stupidity, 133 
Sublime, 73, 98 
Success, 64 
Sugar, 7 
Sun, 79 

Supper, 103 rem. 
Supplication, 64. 
Sure, 49 
Surpassing, 72 
Suspected, 105 
Swallow, 83 
Swan, 83 
Sweet, 68 
Swift, 62, 107 
Swiftly, 88 
Syracuse, 111 
Syracusian, adj.,116 
, sub., 116 

rem. 3 

Table, 43 
Taken, 80 
Tall, 6, 36, rem. 98 
Talkative, 97 
Tarquin, 111 
Tart, 23 
Teach, 101 
Teacher, 31 
Tell, 84, 114, 129 
Tells, 114 
Temperate, 62, 132 
Temple, 113 
Tender, 123 
Tent, 125 
Terrible, 60 
Territory, 53, rem, 
Testy, 60 
Than, 48, 112 
Thankful, 35 
Thankless, 35 
That, dem. y 14, 50 

, rel., 46 

, pers., 50 rem. 

,conj., 74, 108, 

112,114 rem. 
— same, 76 
yery, 76 



That which, 46 

The, 3 rem. 

■ one, the other, 

128 

same, 86 

very, 76 

Theatre, 119 
Theban, adj., 116 
■ sub., 116 

rem. 3 
Thee, 106, 115 
Their, 87, 104 rem. 
Themistocles, 99 
Then, 74, 100, 112 
Thence, 108 
There, adv., 54 

,pron., 56 rem 

Therefore, 10, 74 
Thick, 89 
Thief, 63 
Thin, 71 
Thine, 20 

Thing, 28, 118 rem. 
Think, 93 
Thinks, 93 
Third, 51 
Thirst, 87, 134 
This, 14 

■ same, 76 

Thou, 38 rem., 90 

rem. 
Though, 48 
Thought, 129 
Thoughtless, 102 
Threatens, 129 
Threshold, 45 
Thrice, 58 
Thrift, 81 
Thus, 66, 82 
Thy, 20, 104 rem., 
Thyself, 106 
Tiger, 113 
Time, 77, 95, 108, 

112 

of life, 81 

Timely, 118 
Timid, 60, 105 
Timotheus, 127 
Timothy, 127| 
Tin, 131 
Tiny, 105 
Tired, 123 
Titus, 127 
To, 120 rem. 

— be, 84 

aux., 102,122 

— have, 84 

« been, 84 

— thee, 115 

— us, 115 



To what end, 100 

— you, 115 

— day, 100 
Toga, 109 
Together, 132 
Toil, 79 
Told, 114 
Tolerable, 135 
Tomorrow, 100 
Tongue, 79 
Too, 48, 54 

much, adv., 54 

, adj., 122 

Took, 129 
Tortoise, 131 
Tower, 103 
Town, 39 
Tractable, 44 
Tranquil, 98 
Transaction,28rem, 
Treasure, 79 
Tree, 103 
Trench, 113 
Trivial, 73 
Trojan, adj., 116 

, sub., 116, 

rem. 3 
Trouble, 109 
Troublesome, 44, 4S 
Troy, 111 
True, 67, 89 
Truly, 52 rem. 
Trust, 87, 93, 
Trusty, 89 
Trustworthy, 49 
Truth, 43, 85, 108 
Turnus, 127 
Tutor,' 31 rem. 
Twelfth, 51 
Twice, 58 
Twig, 103 
Two, 60 

■ edged, 72 

■ footed, 65 

Tyranny, 47 
Tyrant, 47 

Ugly, 4 rem. 
Ulysses, 111 
Un, 133 rem. 

— buried, 118 

— certain, 49 

■ — changeable, 59 

— derstand, 84 

— doubtedly, 52 
rem. 

— dutiful, 13 

— equal, 97 

— even, 55 

— favourable, 88 



ENGLISH INDEX. 



in 



Unfortunate, 80 

— grateful, 35 

— happy, 80 

— healthy, 30 
Universe, 53 
Unjust, 9 

— kind, 35 

— less/74 

— like, 91, 97 

— lucky, 98 

— paralleled, 102 

— pleasant, 49 

— reasonable, 9 

— ripe, 60 

— seasonable, 86 

— seen, 105 

— skilful, 105 

— steady, 91 

— teachable, 73 

— til, 58 

— warlike, 59 

— well, 23 
Upright, 13 
Us, 38, 115 
Useful, 40 
Useless, 40 

Valley, 113 
Valuable, 30 
Vanquished, 67 
Variation, 125 
Vast, 71 
Vehement, 72 
t Venetian, 116 
Venus, 121 
Verily, 108 
Verres, 111 
Very, 54, 123 rem. 

greatly, 48 

much, 48. 112 

• often, 12 

Vespasian, 121 
Vesta, 127 
Vestal, 68 
Vice, 33 
Viceroy, 95 
Vicious, 51 
Victoria, 27 
Vigorous, 107 
Vile, 44 
Villa, 131 



Villain, 64 Whether or not ? Work, 61, 79 
Villany. 64 94, rem. World,41, 53 rem 

Violence, 75 Which, 46. 60, 78 Worshipful, 73 

Violent, 97 ■ of the two, Worth reading, 102 

Virgil, 99 60 Worthily, 52 

Virgin, 125 Whilst, 58, 129 rem. Worthless, 13 

Virtue, 3i White, 15, 118 Worthy, 97 

Voice, 63 Who, 46 rem. ■ of blame, 

Void, 97 Whole, 42 102 rem. 

Voluptuous, 118 of, 42, 102 praise, 102 

Vulgar, 86 



Waits, 92 
Wall, 45 
Want, 104 
Wanted, 104 
Wants, 104 
War, 11 
Warlike, 71 
Warm, 9 
Was, 96, 129 
Water, 7 
Way, 11 
We, 38 

Weak, 4 rem., 91 
Weakening, 91 
Wealthy, 65 
Wearied, 123 
Weather, 41 
Weight, 81 
Welcome, 130 
Well, 52, 86 

■ disciplined, 60 

■ known, 44 

Were, 96, 124 
West wind, 21 
What, 46, 73, 78 

rem., 82 rem .,100, 

102, 121 rem. 
name, 134, 

rem. 

sort of a, 73 

Whatever, 124 rem. 
When, 82, 129 rem. 
Where, 54, 108 
Whereas, 112 
Wherefore, 82 
Wherever, 58 
Whether, 82 rem,, 

94 rem., 112 rem. 



rem. 
Wholesome, 30, 107 
Wholesomely, 88 
Wholly, 52 
Whose, 132 
Why, 82 rem. 

- no, 122 

not, 112 

Wicked, 80 

Wickedness, 64,109 Writer, 25 



Would, 108 

■ have been, 

124 

that, 108 

Wound, 113 
Wounded, 118 
Wraps, 114 
Wretched, 22 
Write, 101, 117 



rem. 
Wide, 89 
Wife, 25, 41 rem. 
Wild, 27 rem. 

beast, 27 

Wilfully, 88 
Will, 104 

, sub., 119 

, aux., 129 

be, 96 

Willed, 104 
Willingly, 88 
Wills, 104 
Wily, 105 
Wind, 21 
Wine, 1 
Winged, 107 
Wisdom, 103 
Wise, 66 rem 
Wish, 104 
Wished, 104 
Wishes, 104 
Without, 74, 97 
Wolf, 83 
Woman, 24, 25, 118 

rem. 
Wonderful, 59 
Wood, 43, 132 
Wooden, 132 
Woodland, 107 
Word, 77 



Writes, 117 
Written, 51 
Wrong, 125 
Wronged, 118 

Xantippe, 99 
Xenophon, 121 
Xerxes, 99 

Yea, 74 
Year, 33 
Yellow, 67 
Yes, 74, 122 

■ , I do, 122 rem. 

■ , it is, 122 rem. 

Yesterday, 100 
Yet, 48, 54, 110 rem. 
Yoke, 93 
You, 38 rem., 90 

rem., 106, 115 
Young man, 24 

woman, 24 

Your,20,26,87,rem 

104 rem., 131 

rem. 
Yours, 20, 26 rem. 

131 rem. 
Yourself, 106 
Youth, 95 

Zaleucus, 127 



*** The grammatical denomination of a word, when not given in the vocals 
laries, will be found in the Latin Index. 



LATIN INDEX. 



The Numbers refer to the Exercises, not to the Pages, 



Abies, etis,* f. 134 Africanus, i,m.H6 Amor, oris, m. 85 



rem. 3 Amplitudo, dinis, 
Africus, a, um, 116 f. 95 

i, m. 116 Araplius, adv. 108 

rem. 3 Ampins, a, um, 67 

Ager, gri, m. 29 An, adv. 82 rem. 
Agesilaus, ai, m. 91 rem. 

121 Anceps, anclpltis, 
Acer, cris, ere, 107 Agger, eris, m. 109 adj. 72 

Acerbus, a, um, 60 Agitur, v. pass. 114 Anglia, se, f. 99 

Aeerra, ?e, m. 121 Agricola, se, m. 103 Anglicanus, a, um, 
Acies, ei, f. 119 rem. Ahenus, a, um, 132 116 

Acutus, a, um. 55. Alacer, cris, ere, 107 i, m. 116 

Adhuc, adv. 66 Albertus, i, m. 27 rem. 3 

Admirabilis, e, 59 Albus, a, um, 15 Anglicus, a,um,116 Astutus, 



Abire, v. n. 84 
Absurdus, a, um, 
105 
Abundnt, v. n. 93 
Ac, coni. 112 rem., 

126, 123 
Accipere, v. act. 101 



Alcibiades, is, m. 
121 



Architectus, i, m. 

134 
Ardet, v. n. & act. 

114 
Argentum. i, n. 47, 

125 rem.' 
Arrogans,tis,adj.65 
Ars, artis, f. 85 
Ascanius, ii, m. 127 
Asia, se, f. 99 
Asinus, i, m. 31 
Asper, era, erum,23 
Assiduus, a, um,71 
Astrum, i, n. 134 

um, 132 



i, m. 116, Assuetus,a,um,132 
rem. 3 At, conj. 110 rem. 



Alexander, dri, m. Angustus, a, um, 89 Ater, tra, trum, S3 
99 Anima, ae, f. 37 Atheniensis, is,adj 

Animal, alis, n. 17 116 rem. 3 

rem. Atque, conj. 112, 

Animosus,a,um,105 126, 128, 129 rem. 
Animus ; i,m.37rem. Atrox, ocis, adj. 65 
Anne, interro; part. Atticus, i, m. 99 
94 rem. Auctor, oris, c. g. 25 



Admodum, adv. 54 
Adversarius, ii, m. 

109 
Adversus, a,um, 86 

iEdificat, v. act. 93 Alienus, a, um, 86 
^Edincium, ii, n. 61 Alit, v. act. 129 
JFAis, is, f. 113 rem. Aliter, adv. 54 
JEger, gra, grum,23 Alius, a, ud, 60 
^Egritudo,dinis,f.57 Alius-alius, 128 
^Egrotus, a, um, 30 Allevabat,v.act.l29 
iEgyptius, a, um, Alnus, i, f. 103 Annulus, i, m. 47 Auctoritas,atis, f.61 

116 Alter, era, 6 ram, 22 Annus, i, m. 33. Audacter, adv. 88 

■ ii, m. 116 Alter-alter, 128 Ante, adv. 100 Audax, acis, adj. 72 

rem. 3 Altus,a,um,36rem, Antea, adv. 100 Audens, tis, adj. 65 J 

JEquabilis, e, 91 55 rem. Antequam, adv. 100 Audio,v. act.92 rem 

iEquse adv, 82 Amabilis, e, 91 Antigone, es, f. 127 Audire, v. act. 84 

ae, 128 Amans, tis, adj. 97 Antigonus, i, m.127 Audis, v.act.92rem 

■ — -—atque, 128 Amare,v.act.84rem. Antiqtius, a, um, 89 Audit, v. act. 92| 
Aer. aeris, acc.aera, Amarus, a,um, 132 Antonius, ii, m. 121 rem. 

plu. aeres, m. 131 Amas, v. act. 92 Anus, Cis, f. 33 Augur, Qris, m. 134 

iEs. {en:;, n. 125 Amat, v. act. 92 Apertus, a, um, 51 Aura, se, f. 79 
— alienum, i, n. 125 Arnica, se, f. 32 Apes, is, f. 19 Aureus, a, um, 132 

jEstas, atis, f. 85 Amicitia, se, f. 95 Apis, is, f. 19 Aurum, i, n. 47 

iEtas, atis, f. 81 Amicus, a, um, 105 Apparatuses, m. 87 Auspicium,ii. n.9. r 

^E tern us, a, um,71 i, m. 32 Aqua, se, f. 7 Aut,conj.l0rem.,l,: 

Afferre, v. act. 101 Amnis, is m. or f. Arbor, oris, f. 103 Autem, conj. 110 
Afflictus, a, um, 67 75, 85 rem. Arbos, oris, f. 103 Auxiliator, oris, m 

Africanui,a,um, 116 Amo, y, act. 92 Arcbelaus, i, m. 121 131 

: Tbe abbreviation Ztls is a contraction of abietis, genitive caso- erf alAes, and da 



notes that abies is a noun of the third declension. (See Declensions in Appendix 



i i 
fa] 

c; 
* r. 



LATIN INDEX. 



113 



Avaritia, 33, f. 53 
Avarus, i, in. 103, 

. • — - a, nm, 105 

Ave,interj . 130 rem. 
Avis, is, f. 19 

Bacillus, i, m. 47 

rem. 
Baculum, i, n. 47 
Baculus, i, m. 47 
Beatus, a. urn, 80, 

132 
Bellicosus, a, um,71 
Bellua, 33, f. 27 rem. 
Bellum, i, n. 11 
Bellus, a, nm, 105 
Bene, adv. 52 
vale, v. neut. 

and interj. 130 
Beneficinm, ii. n. 64 
B enefi cu s, a , urn .118 
Benevolentia, se, f. 

109 
Benignus, a, am, 55 
Bibere, v. act. 101 
Bipes, bipedis, adj. 

65 
Bis, adv. 58 
Blandus, a, um, 118 
Bonum, i, u. 109. 
Bonus, a, um, 2 
Bos, bovis, c. g. 83 
Brennus, i, m. Ill 
Ere vis, e, 40 
Brevitas^ atis, f. 81 
Britannia, 33, f. 99 
Britannicus, a.uin, 

116 
i, in. 116 

rem. 3 
Britannus, a, um, 

116 
i,m. 116 

rem. 3 
Brito, tonis, m. 99 

Cascus, a, um, 123 
Caesar, aris, m. Ill 
Calidus, a, um, 9 
Callidus, a, um, 9 
Calumnia, 83, f. 69 
Campester, tris,tre, 

107. 
Campus, i, m. 113 
Candidus,a,um, 118 
Canis, is, c. g. 25 
Cantus. us, m. 32 
Capitalis, e, 91 
Captus, a, um, 80 
Caput, Itis, 113 



Career, gris, m. 77 
Caritas, atis, f. 103 
Caro, carnis, 77 
Carolus, i. m. 99 
Carthaginiensis, is, 

116 rem. 
Carthago, glnis, f. 

Ill 
Carus, a, um, 51 
Casa, se, f. 134 
Catalina, 83, m. 99 
Cato, onis, m. 121 
Causa, a?,, f. 57 
Cavus, a, um, 89 
Cedit, v.neut. 93 
Celeber, bris, bre, 

107 
Celer, oris, ere, 107 
Celsus, a, um, 36 

rem. 
Cepit, v. act. 129 
Ceres, 6ns, f. 39 
Certe, adv. 88 
Certus, a, um, 49 
Cervus, i, m, 31 
Chremes, is, or etis, 

m. 99 
Christus, 1, m. 127 
Cibus, i, m. 33 
Cicero, onis, m. Ill 
Cincinnatus. i, m. 

127 
Cito, adv. 88 
Civis, is, e.g. 2S 
Civitas, atis, f. 75 
Clamor, oris, m. 69 
Clarus, a, um, 55 
Clemens, tis, adj. 62 
Cleopatra, se, f. 121 
Codrus, i, m. 121 
Coelnm, i, n, 41 
Coena, aa, f. 103 rem. 
Cognoscere, v. act. 

101 
Cohibere, v. act. 101 
Colis, v. act. and 

neut. 93 
Colit, v. act. and 
neut. 93 
Colo, v. act. and 

neut. 93 
Color, oris, m. 63 
Comedit, v. act. 114 
Comes, Stis, c. g. 61 

rem. 
Comis, e, 59 
Coin i tat ur, v. dep. 

act. 129 
Commendatio. onis, 
, f. 131 



Communis, e, 59 
Compositus, a, um, 

89 
Compreliendit, v. 

act. 129 
Concilium, ii, n. 19 
Condimentum, i, n. 

75 
Conditio, onis, f. 131 
Conjunctio, onis, f. 

95 
Conjunctus, a, um, 

102 
Coujuratus,i, m. 113 
Conjux, tlgis, e.g. 41 
Conquisitus, a, um, 

105 
Conscientia, 83, f. 95 
Consecratus, a, um, 

98 
Conservat,v. act. 93 
Consilium, ii, n. 3, 

19 rem. 
Consitus, a, um, 89 
Consolatur, v. dep. 

act. 129 
Consors, tis, c. g. 29 

rem. 
Constructus, a, um, 

89 
Consul, ulis, m. 85 
Contentio,onis,f.61 
Contentus, a, um, 18 
Continens,entis,adj . 

62 
Coquus, i, m. 53 
Corinthus, i. f. 127 
Corona, se, f. 131 
Corpus, oris, n. 77 
Corrup tus,a,um ,118 
Corvus, i, m. 31 
Cras, adv. 100 
Crassus, a, um, 89 
Credere, v. act. and 

neut. 84 
Credis, v. act. and 

neut. 93 
Credit, v. act. and 

neut. 93 
Credo, v. act. and 

neut. 93 
Credulus, a, um, 89 
Crimen, mis, n. 69 
Croesus, i, m. Ill 
Crudelis, e, 40 
Cujus, a, um, 132 
Culex, Icis, m. 131 
Culpa, 83, f. 69 
Cum, adv. 82, 129 

rem, 



Cunctus, a, um, 42 
Cupiditas,atis, f. 87 
Cur, adv. 82 
Curia, 83, f. 95 
Curius, ii, m. 127 
Currere, v. n. 101 
Curvus, a, um, 51 
Cygnus, i, m. 83 
Cynegirus, i, m. 

127 
Cyprus, i, f. Ill 
Cyrus, i, m, 111 

Damocles, is, m. 121 
Dare, v. act. 101 
Darius, i, m. 127 
Das, v. act. 93 
Dat, v. act. 93 
Datames, is, m. 121 
Dea, aj, f. 39 
Debeo, v. act. and 

neut 120 
Debes, v. act. and 

neut. 120 
Debet, v. act. and 

neut. 120 
December, bris, m. 

53 
Deceptio, onis, f. 

125 
Deceptus, a, um, 

105 
Dedit, v. act. 129 
Defensor, oris, in. 

103 
Defmitio, onis, f. 

103 
Deiude, adv. 65 
Delectat, v. act, 93 
Delectus, a, um, 105 
Delphinus,i, m. 134 
Dementia, 83, f. 133 
Demosthenes, is, m. 

121 
Densus, a, um, 89 
Deses, Idis, adj. 65 
Deus, i, c. g. 25 
Dexter, tra, trum, 

or tera, terum, 98 
Dextra, 83, f. 125 
Die, v. act. 129 
Dicere, v. act. 84 
Dicis, v. act. 114 
Dicit, v.act. 114 
Dicitur, v. pass. 114 
Dico, v, act. 114 
Dictator, oris, in. 61 
Dictum, i, n. 131 
Dies, ei, m. or f. 79 
Dihicilis, e, 44 



120 



LATIN INDEX. 



Difficultas, litis, f. Electrum, i, n. 57 Exul, Glis, c. g. 57 Frigidus, a, um,0 

119 Elegans, tis, adj. 97 Frigus, 5ris, n. 119 

Digitus, i, m. 118 Elephantus, i, ra.83 Fades, ei, f. 133 Frons, tis, in. or f. 
Dilatio, onis, f. 81 Elicitur, v.pass. 114 Facile, adv. 68 69 

Diligens, tis, adj. 62 Eloquens,tis,adj.97 Facilis,e, 44 Fructuosus, a, una, 

Diligentia, ae, f. 53 Eniru, conj. 74 Facilius, adv. 108 67 

Diligere, v. act. 84 Epaminondas,ae,m. Facundus, a, um,S0 Fnga, ae, f. 41 

rem. 99 Falsus, a, um, 132 Fugax, acis, adj. 62 

Diogenes, is, m. Ill Ephesius, a, una, 116 Fama, ae, f. 113 Fugitivus, i, m. 95 

Dionysius,ii,m. 121 — — i, m. 116 Fames, is, f, 43 Fui, v. sub. 96 

Dirus, a, um, 123 rem. 3 Familiaris, is, m. 87 Fuisse, v. sub. 84 

Dis,Ditis, m. 121 Epistola, ae, f. 85 Famulus, i, m. 134 Fuissem,v.sub. 124 
Discere, v. act. 101 Equester, tris, tre, Fanum, i, n. 113 Fuisses, v. sub. 124 
Disciplina, ae, f. 95 107 Februarius,ii, m. 53 Fuisset, v. sub. 124 

- miiitaris, Equus, i, m. 16 Fecundus, a, um, 80 Fuisti, v. sub. 96 

, 133 Eram, v. sub. 96 Felicitas, atis, f. 64 Fuit, v. sub. 96 



Eris, v. sub. 96 
Erit, v. sub. 96 
Ero, v. sub. 98 
Errare, v. ueut. 101 
Es, v. sub. 90 
Esse, v. sub. 84 



Discipula, as, f. 27 Eras, v. sub. 96 

Diseipulus, i, m. 27 Erat, v. sub. 96 

Dissimiliu, e, 91 Ergo, conj. 10 

Diu, adv. 100 

Diutius, adVo 100 

Dives, Itis, adj. 65 

Divinns, a, um, 71 

Dixi, v. act. 114 

Dixisti, v. act 114 

Dixit, v. act. 114 

Do, v. act. 93 

Docere, v. act. 101 

Docilis, e, 73 

Doctrina, ae, f. 103 

Doctus, a, um, 36 

Dolor, oris, m. 95 

Domina, ae, f. 31 

Dominus, i, m. 17 

Domus, us, ori, f.34 Etiam, conj 

Donum, i, n. 43 adv. 122 

Dubius, a, um, 132 Etiam si, conj. 48 
Dulcis, e, 68 Eugenia, ae, f. 39 

Dum, adv. 58, 129 Europa, ae, f. 99 

rem. Excellens, tis, adj, 

Duodecimus, a, um, 97 

51 Excelsus, a, um, 

Durus, a, um, 15 36 rem. 



Felis, is, f. 131 Fulmen, Inis, n. 125 

Felix, Icis, adj. 80 Fur, furis, c. g. 63 

Fera, ae, f. 27 Furit, v. neut. 114 

Fere, adv. 66 Furor, oris, m. 77 

Ferox, ocis, adj. 65 Futurus, a, um, 132 
Ferreus, a, um, 132 



rem. 
Ferrum, i, n. 47 
Fertilis, e, 40 



Essem, v. sub. 124 Fessus, a, um, 123 
Esses, v. sub. 124 Festus, a, um, 118 



Esset, v. sub. 124 
Est, v. sub. 8, 44 

rem., 64 rem., 56 

70,90 
Esto, v. sub. 84 



Fidelis, e, 59 
Fideliter, adv, 88 
Fides, ei, f. 87 
Fidus, a, urn, 89 
Filia, ae, f. 6 



Et, conj. 10, 126.rem. Filius, ii, in. 5 

Et-et, conj. 128 Finis, m. or f, 45 

Firmus, a, um, 89 

Flavus, a, um, 67 

Flos, noris, m. 19 



Gallicus, a, um, 116 
Gallus, i, m. 103 
Garrulitas, atis, f. 

131 
Gaudium, ii, n. 28 
Generosus, a, um, 

15, 65 rem. 
Gens, tis, f. 125 

humana, f. 125 

Genus, eris, n. 81 
Geometria, ae, f. 109 
Germanus, a, um, 

116 

■ i, m. 116 



rem. 3 
Flumen, inis, n. 85 Glaucus, a, um, 123 

rem. Globus, i,m. 57 
Fluvius, ii, m. 85 Gracilis, e, 91 
Fluxus, a, um, 118 Gradus, us, m. 32 
Foecundue.a, um, 80 Graecus, a,um, 116 
Fcedus, a, um, 123 i, m. 116 



,m. 118 rem. Exceptio, onis, f. 69 Folium, ii, n. 119 
Dux, dticis, c. g. 87 Exernplum, i, n. 11 Fons, tis, m. 113 Gramen, Inis, n. 16 

Exercitatio, onis, f. Forma, ae, f. 87 Grandis, e, 98 

Ea (f. of is), 50 rem. 53 Formidolosus,a,um, Gratus, a, um, 35 

Eadem (f. of idem), Exiguus, a, um, 132 60 98 rem. 

86 Exilium, ii, n. 57 Formica, ae, f. 79 Gravis, e, 68 

Ebriositas,atis, f. 63 Eximius, a, um, 102 Formosus,a,um, 105 Gubernator, oris, 
Ebur, oris, n. 109 Exitium, ii, n. 134 Fortasse, adv. 58 m. 119 

Edax, acis, adj. 72 Expectatus, a, um, Fortis, e, 44 

Edere, v. act. 101 118 Fortuna, ae, f. 57 Habeo, v. act. 92 

Editus, a, um, 132 Expers, tis, adj. 97 Fortunatus, a, um, Habere, v. act. 84 
Educatio/onis, f.113 Expertus,a,um, 118 118 Habes, v. act. 92 

Egestas, atis, f. 119 Expetendus,a, um, Forum, i, n. 119 Habet, v. act. 92 
Ego, pron. 38 102 Fragilis, e, 73 Habuisse, v. act. 84 

Egregie, adv. 88 Exsul, filis, c. g. 57 Frater, tris, m. 3 Habuit, v. act. 129 
Egregius,a,um, 132 Exterus, a, um, 89 Fraxinus, i, f. 113 Haec (fern, of hie), 
Bhodum, interj.130 Extulit, v. act. 129 Fiequens,tis,adj.97 14 



LA1IN INDEX. 



121 



Hannibal, Slis, m. 
121 

Harmodius, ii, 127 
Haud, adv. 100 
Haudquaquani,adv. 

122 
Hebes, etis, 97 
Hebrus, i. m. Ill 
Here, adv. 100 
Heri, adv. 100 
Herodotus, i. in. 127 
Heii, interj. 130 
Hibernia, 83, f. 99 
Hie, base, hoc, 14 
— adv. 54 
Hic-ille, 128 
Hiccine ? adv. 100 
Hierosolynia, 33, f. 

Ill 
Hilaris, e, 98 rem. 
Hipparehus, i, m. 

127 
Hirundo, dinis, f. 83 
Historia, 83, f. 69 
Hoc (fe in. of hie), 14 
Hodie, adv. 100 
Hodiernus, a, urn, 

105 
Homerus, i, m. 99 
Homo, inis, e.g. 24, 

25 rem. 
Honestus, a, um, 18 
Honor, oris, m. 109 
Honoratus, a, um, 

118 
Honos, oris, m, 109 
Hora, as, f. 95 
Horreum, i, n. 109 
Hortus, i. m. 43 
Hostis, is, c. g. 77 
Humanus, a, um, 15 
Humid us, a, um, 123 
Humilis, e, 73 
Hyacintkus, i, m. 57 

Ibi, adv. 54 

Id (neut. of is), 50 

Idem, eadem, idem, 

86 
Igitur, conj. 74 
Ignarus, a. um, 105 
Ilia (fern, of ill a), 14 
Hie, ilia, illud, 14, 

50 rem., 128 
Illiberalis, e, 59 
Illud (neut. of ille), 

14 
Illustris, e, 91 
Imbecillis, e, 91 
I«iitatiQ, duis,£ 134 



Imitatur, v. dep. 

act. 129 
Immensus, a, um,71 
Immodicus, a, um, 

132 
Immortalis, e, 40 
Immutabilis, e, 59 
Imo, conj. 74. adv. 

122 

certe, adv. 122 

etiam, adv. 122 

Impar, aris, ad j . 97 
Impedire, v.act. 101 
Imperator, oris, m. 

37 
Imperiosus, a, um, 

89 
Imperitus, a, um, 

105 
Imperium, ii, n. 37 
Impietas,atis, f. 125 
Implumis, e, 73 
Improbus, a, um, 13 
imprudens, tis, adj. 

97 
Impudenter, adv.88 
Incautus, a, um, 89 
Incertus, a, um, 49 
Inclytus, a, um, 98 
Incuria, as, f. 53 
Inde, adv.' 108 
Indicus, a, um, 116 

i, m. 116 rem. 3 

Indies, adv. 100 
Indocilis, e, 73. 
Indus trius, a, um, 9 
lneptus, a, um, 102 
Inertia, 83, f. 81 
Infamis, e, 91 
Infelix, icis, adj. 80 
Infirmus, a, um, 71 
Infortunium, ii, n. 

119 
Ingenium, ii. n.133 
Ingens, tis, adj. 97 
Inglorius, a,um, 123 
Ingratus, a, um, 35 
Inhumatus, a, um, 

118 
Inimicitia, 83, f. 95 
Inimicus, a,um, 105 

i, m. 77 

Iniquus, a, um, 55 
Initium, il, n. 81 
Injuria, 83, f. 125 
Injustus, a, um, 9 
Innocens, tis, adj. 

97 
Inquinatus, a, um, 

£9 



Insania, 83, f. 81 
Insignis, e, 91 
Instabilis, e, 91 
Instinctus, us, m. 

32 
Insula, 83, f. 39 
Insulanus, i, m. 125 
Intelligere, v. act. 

84 
Intemperans, tis, 

adj. 62 
Interdum, adv. 12 
Inutilis, e, 40 
Invidiosus, a, um, 

49 rem. 
Invidus, a, um, 49 
Invisus, a, um, 105 
Ipbicrates, is, m. 

Ill 
Ipsa (fern, of ipsa), 

76 
Ipse, ipsa, ipsurn, 

76, 104 rem. 
Ipsum (n. of ipse), 

76 
Ira, se, f. 81 
Iracundus, a, um, 

60 
Is, ea, id, 50 rem., 

121 rem. 
Ita, adv. 82, 128 

— est, 122 rem. 

— vero, 122 
Item, adv. 100 
Iter, Itineris, n, 131 



Jam, adv. 108 
Janitor, oris, m, 61 
J ami a, 83, f. 125 
Jucundus, a, um, 

98 rem. 
Judex, icis, c. g. 41 
Judicium, ii, n. 25 
Jungo, v. act. 93 
Juno, bnis, f. 121 
Jupiter, Jovis, m. 

121 
Jurgiosus, a, um, 

123 _ 
Jus, juris, n. 17 
Justitia, 83, f. 119 
Justus, a, um, 9 
Juvenis, is, c. g. 24 
Juventas, atis, f. 95 

rem. 
Juventu, se, f. 95 
Juventus, utis, f. 95 

Labor, oris, m, 79 



Laboriosus, a, um, 

98 
Lac, lactis, n. 134 - 
Lacedaemonius, a, 

um,55 
Lasna, se, f. 109 
Laasus, a, um, 1 18 
Lastus, a, um, 98 
Lapideus, a, um,132 

rem. 
Lapillus, i, m. 134 
Lapis, idis, m. 77 
Latebra, bras, f. 43 
Latet, v. neut. 114 
Latiuus, a, um, 116 
Latro, latronis, m, 

79 
Latus, a, um, 89 
Laudandus, a, um, 

102 
Laus, laudis, f. 21 
Leaana, ae, f, 83 
Legatus, i, m. 29 
Legend us,a.uin, 102 
Le^ere, v. act. 84 
Legis, v. act. 92 
Legiw, v. act. 92 
Lego, v. act. 92 
Lenis, e, 59 
Lenitas, atis, f. C9 
Leo, leonis, m. 83 
Lepus, oris, m. 83 
Levis, e, 73 
Leviter, adv. 88 
Lex, legis, f. 63 
Libenter, adv. S3 
Liber, bri, m. 16 
Liber, era, erum, 23 
Liberalis, e, 59 
Liberalitas, atis, f. 

119 
Liberavit, v.act. 129 
Libere.adv. 88 
Libertas, atis, f. 113 
Libidinose, adv, 88 
Libidinosus, a, um, 

71 
Ligne)is, a, um, 132 
Lignum, i, n. 43 
Limen, mis, n.45 
Limes, itis, f. 46 
Linea. 83, f. 69 
Lingua, 83. f. 79 
Litera, aa, f. 131 
Littera, 83, f. 131 

rem. 
Locuples, etis, adj. 

65 
Locus, i, m. 11 
Londinum, i, n. 99 
L 



122 



LATIN INDEX. 



Longe, adv. 52 
Longus, a, urn, 6^ 
Loquax, iicis, adj. 

97 
Lucrum, i, n. 119 
Ludus, i, m. 113 
Luna, re, f. 79 
Lupus, i, m.83 
Lux, lucis, f. 63 
Luxuriose, adv. 66 
Lydlus, a, um, 116 



Maceria, re, f. 45 
Maceries, ei, f, 45 
Machinalis, e, 91 
Magis, adv. 66, 82 

rem. 
Magister, tri, m. 31 
Magistra, 83, f. 31 
Magnus, a, urn, 6, 98 
Majestas, atis, f. 

119 
Male, adv. 52 
Malum, i, n. 103, 109 
Malus, a, um, 4 rem. 
Manet, v. neut. 92 
Manus, us,f.85 
Marcellus, i, m. Ill 
Marcus, i, m. 121 
Mar©, is, n. 19 
Maritimus, a, um, 

132 
Maritus, i, m. 41 

rem. 
Mater, tris, f. 1 
Maxime, adv. 6Q 
Me, pron. 106 
Medicamentum, i. 

n.34 
Medicina, 83, f. 34 
Medicus, i, m. 95 
Mediocris, e, 135 
Medius, a, um, 102 
Megara, 33, f. Ill 
Mel, mellis, n. 16 
Melior, us, 73 
Melitaeus, a, um,116 
Melius, adv. 54 
Memento, v. act. & 

neut. 129 
Mendaciura, ii, n. 63 
Mendax, acis, adj. 

65 
Mendicus.i, m. 134 
Mens, tis, f. 95 
Mensa, 33, f. 43 
Mensis, is, m. 41 
Mercator, oris,"m.l9 
Meroes, edis, f. 21 



Men to, adv. 88 
Metallum, i, n. 47 
Mens, a, um, 20, 

104 rem., 131 
Mini, pron. 115, 

131 rem. 
Miles, Itis, m. 28 
Militaris, e, 91 
Miltiades,is> m. Ill 
Minatur,v. dep.act. 

129 
Minime, adv. 66 

rem., 122 
gentium, adv. 

122 

vero, adv. 122 

Minus, adv. 65 
Miser, era, erum, 22 
Miserabilis, e, 59 
Mitescere, v. neut. 

101 
Mitis, e, 44 
Moderatus,a,um, 60 
Modestus, a, um, 

105 
Modo, adv. 65 
Moenia,um, or orum, 

n. plu. 45 rem. 
Molestia, e, f. 109 
Molestus, a, um, 49 
Moneo, v. act. 93 
Moneta, 33, f. 125 
Monitor, oris, m. 27 
Mons, tis, m. 69 
Mora, 83, f. 81 
Moratur, v. dep.act. 

129 
Morbus, i, m. 134 
Mori, v. dep. neut. 

101 
Morosus, a, um, 118 
Mors, mortis, f . 21 
Mortalis, e, 40 
Mortuus, a, um, 89 
Mox, adv. 100 
Mulier, 6ris, 25 
Multo, adv. 52 
Multus, a, um, 13 
Mundus, i, m. 41 
Muniiicentia, a3, f. 

109 
Munificus, a, um, 89 
Mums, i, m. 45 rem. 
Mutatus, a, um, 118 
Mutus, a, um, 118 

Nasvius, ii, m. 127 
Nam, conj. 74 

. ? interrog.part. 

134 rem. 



Napoleon, onis, 39 
Natio, onis, f. 131 
Natura, 83, f. 47 
Natus, a, um, 132 
Nauta, 33, m. 103 
Navis, is, f. 103 
Ne ? interrog. part. 
94 

— adv. 100 

— conj. 112 rem. 
Neapolis, is, f. 99 
Nee, conj. 74, 128 
Necessarius, a, um, 

67 
Nefarius, a, um, 80 
Negligens, tis, adj. 

62 
Negligentia, 93, f. 53 
Negotiosus, a, um, 

18 
Negotium, ii, n. 28 

rem. 
Nemo, Inis, c. g. 25 

minus, adv.122 

Nemus, oris, n. 134 
Nepos, otis, m. 119 
Neptunus, i, m. 127 
Nequaquam, adv. 

122 
Neque, couj.74,128 
Nero, onis, m. 121 
Nescio, v. neut. 92 
Nescire, v. neut. 84 
Nescis, v. neut. 92 
Nescit, v. neut. 92 
Nexus, a, um, 132 
Niger, gra, grum,22 
Nihil, n. indec. 45, 

124 rem. 
Nihilominus, adv. 

122 
Nil, n. indec. 45 
Nimis, adv. 54 
Nimium, adv. 54 
Nimius, a, um, 123 
Nisi, conj. 74 
Nix, nivis, f. 63 
Nobilis, e, 44 
Nobilitas, atis, f. 45 
Nobis, pron. 115, 

131 rem. 
Nocens, tis, adj. 97 
Nomen, Inis, n. 95 
Non, adv. 12, 122, 

133 rem. 
Nondum, adv. 54 
Nonne? interrog. 

part. 94 
Nonnullus, a, um, 

132 



Nog, pron. 38 
Noster, tra, trum, 

26, 131 rem. 
Not us, a, um, 123 
Novitas,utis, f. 113 
Novus, a, um, 123 
Nox, noctis, f. 63 
Noxius, a, um, 30 
Nullus, a, um, 33 
Num? interrog. 

part. 94 
Numen, inis, n. 109 
Numerus, i, m. 95 
Numus, i, m.125 
Nummus, i, ni. 125, 

rem. 
Nunc, adv. 100 
Nunquam, adv. 58 
Nuntius, ii, m. 16 
Nusquam, adv. 58 
Nux, nucis, f. 63 

O, interj. 130 
Obitus, us, m. 109 
Obscurus, a, um, 67 
Observat, v. act. 114 
Obumbrat, v. act. 

129 
Occasio, onis, f. 133 
Occultus, a, um, 118 
Odor, oris, m. 131 
Officium, ii, n. 134 
Oh, interj. 130 
Olea, se, f. 109 
Oleum, i, n. 134 
Olim, adv. 108 
Omega, n. indec.125 
Omnino, adv. 52 
Omnis, e, 42, 118 

rem. 
Onus, ens. n. 134 
Opinio, onis, f. 131 
Oppidum, i, n. 39 
Opportunus, a, um, 

118 
Opulens, tis, adj. 65 
Opus, ens, n. 79 

adj. indec. 97 

sub. indec. 103 

Oratio, onis, f. 79 
Orator, oris, m. 103 
Ordo, dinis, m. 125 
Oriens, tis, m. 134 
Ortus, us, m. 109 ■ 
Ostrea, as, f. 83 
Otiosus, a, um, 18 
Otium, ii. n. 33 

Pal33mon ; onis,m. 
121 



IATIH" INDEX. 



122 



Palaeopolis, is, f. 99 Perpetuo, adv. 88 Praeliuro, ii, n. 119 Quammaxime,adv. 
Palatiuru, ii, n. 41 Perpetuus, a, um, Presidium, ii. n. 77 48, 129 rem. 
Pal uster, tris, tre, 123 Praestabat, v. neut. Quamquam,conj.48 

107 Perspicue, adv. 88 & act. 129 Quamvis, conj. 112 

Pan, Panos, m. 127 Perterritus, a, uin, Praestans,tis,adj.72 Quando, adv.*82 
Panis, is, m. 7 105 Praetor, oris, rn.95 Quantum, adv. 100 

Par, paris, adj. 97 Pestiferus, a, urn, 89 Pravus, a, um, 118 Quantus, a, urn, 102, 
Paratus, a, um, 80 Pestis, is, f. 87 Premit, v. act. 114 128, 129 rem. 

Parens, tis, c. g. 25 Petit, v. act. 93 Pressus, a, um, 123 Quare, adv. 82 
Paries, etis, m.45 Pliilippus, i, m. 99 Pretiosus, a, um,30 Que, conj. 126 
Pars, tis, f. 27 Pliilosopliia, as, f. 28 Primum, adv. 6Q Qui, quae, quod, 46 

Parsimonia, ae, f. 81 Philosophus, i, ru. Primus, a, um, 51 Qui, adv. 82 
Parum, adv. 66 28 Princeps, Tpis, c. g. Quia, conj. 74 

Parvulus, a, um,105 Phocion, onis, ra. 24 

Parvum, i, n. 109 111 Principium, ii. i 

rem. Pietas, atis, f. 131 119 

Parvus, a, um, 6 Piger, gra, grum, 23 Privatus, a, um, Si 
Passer, eris, m. 83 Pignus, oris or eris, Probitas, atis, f. 91 
Pater, tris, m. 1 n. 125 Probus, a, um, 13 

Paternus, a, um, 80 Pinus, i, or us, f. 113 Procerus, a, um, 36 
Patet, v, neut. 114 Pisistratus,i,m.l27 rem. 

Pius, a, um, 71 Procul, adv. 100 

Plaga, ae, f. 33 Prodere, v. act. 101 Quis, quae or qua, 

Plane, adv. 88 Proelium, ii, n. 119 quid or quod, 78 

Plato, onis, m. 121 Profanus,a, um, 123 Quisnam, quaenam, 
Plenus, a, um, 123 Profundus, a, um,55 quidnam, 134 rem. 
Plerumque, adv. 12 Profusus, a,um, 123 Quod (neut. of qui), 
Plus, adv. 82 Pronus, a, um, 76 46 

— , pluris, adj.,plu. Protegit, v. act. 93 ■ 
plures, pluria, or Prudens, tis, adj. 62 
pi iira, 97 Prudentia, ae, f. 103 ■ 

Poema, atis, n. 113 Publicus, a, um, 89 
Pudor, oris, m. 61 
Paella, ae, f. 1 
Puer, eri, m. 1 

Pugna,ae, f. 119 rem. Quorsum, adv. 100 
Pugnax, acis, adj. Quot, plu. indec. 

62 129 rem. 

Pulcher, chra, Quotidie, adv. 100 

chrum, 22 Quoties, adv. 100 

Pulcliritudo, dinis, Quotus, a, um, 102 
f. 95 Quum, adv. 82, 129 

Pulvis, is, or eris, rem. 

m. or f. 95 
Purns, a, um, 15 



Poena, ae, f. 21 



Patiens, entis ; adj. 

62 
Patientia, ae, f. 131 
I Patria, ae, f. 87 
i Paulo, adv. 97 

■ adj. indec. 97 

Paulus, i, m. 127 

| Pauper, eris, adj. 65 

Paupertas, atis, f. 

69 
Pavo, onis, c. g. 83 
Pax, pacis, f. 63 

Pectus, oris, n. 134 Poeta, ae, m. 61 
| Pecunia, ae, f. 32, Pomum, i, n. 103 

125 rem. rem. 

Pedester, tris, tre, Pondus, eris, n. 81 

107 Popilius, ii, n. Ill 

Pelopidas, ae, m.lll Populus, i, m. 21 

Pene, adv. 88 ■ , i, f. 21 

Per (affix), 123 rem. Porrigebat, v. act. 
Peramplus, a, um, 129 

123 Positio, onis, f. 57 ; 

Perantiquus, a, um, Possum, v. neut. 120 

123 Posthac, adv. 108 

Perdidi, v. act. 129 Postbaec, adv. 108 Putas, v. act. 93 
Perditus, a, um, 123 Postquam, adv. 100 Putat, v. act. 93 
Percnnis, e, 68 Potens, tis, adj. 97 Putav^'t, v. act. 129 

Perfectus, a, um, 67 Potes, v. neut. 120 Puto, v. act. 93 
Perfugium, ii, n.109 Potest, v. neut. 120 
Periclum, i, n. 103 Potestas, atis, f. 119 

rem. Potus, tis, m. 33 Qua (f. of quis), 78 

Periculosus : a,um ; 51 Prae (affix), 123 rem. Quadrupes, pedis, 
Periculura, i, n. 103 Praeceptor, oris, m. m. 133 
Perindulgens, tis, 31 Quae (f. of qui), 46 

adj. 123 Praeceptum, i, n. 1 (f. of quis), 78 

Perire, v. neut. 101 Praecipuus, a, um, Qualis, e, 73, 128, 
Peritus, a, um, 105 118 129 rem. 

Permagnus, a, um, Praeclarus, a, um, 

123 123 



Quicquam, n. indec.i 

45, 124 rem. 
Quid (neut. of quis), 

78 

adv, 82 rem. 

Quidem, adv. 52 

rem. 
Quidnam, adv. 134 
Quin, canj. 112 



- (neut. of quis), 
<8 

conj. 112, 114 

rem. 
Quondam, adv. 108 
Quoniam, conj. 74 
Quoque, conj. 48 



- maxime, adv. 
82 rem. 
— plurimum, 
adv. 82 rem. 



Radix, icis, f. 109 
Ramus, i, m. 119 
Raro, adv. 88 
Rarus, a, um, 71 
Ratio, onis, f, 53 
Rector, oris, m. 131 
Rectum, i, n. 69 
Rectus, a, um, 98 
Regina, ae, f. 19 



Quam, conj. & adv. Regio, onis, f. 63 
48, 128, 129 rem. Regius, a, um, 89 



I2i 



LATIN INDEX. 



Beliquit, v. act. 129 Scribere, v. act.101 Sin, conj. 112 Syracusanus,a,m 

Reliquus,a,um,102 Scribis, v. act. 117 Sincerus, a, urn, 105 116 

Remedium.ii.n. 131 Scribit, v. act. 117 Singularis, e, 68 i, m. 116 

Remissus,a,um, 118 Scribo, v. act. 117 Sinister, tra, trum, rem. 3 
Repetitio, onis, f. Scripsi, v. act. 117 

131 Scripsisti, v. act. 

Res, ei, f._28rem. 117 

lies milltaris, e, 133 Scripsit, v. act. 117 Situs, a, urn. 
Respublica, relpub- Scripturu, i, n. 61 Sobrius, a, um, 36 

Hcae, f. 75 



Sinistra, 33, f. 125 
Sitis, is, f. 134 



Taberna, se, f. 57 
Tabernaculum, i, n. I 

125 
Talis, e, 73, 128 
Scriptus, a, urn, 51 Societas, atis, f. 29 Tam, adv. 54, 128 
Reticens, tis, adj. 97 Scurra, se, c. g. 125 Socius, ii,m.61 rem. Tamen, conj. 48 
Rex, regis, m. 19 Scytha, se, m 116 Socrates, is, m. 99 Tandem, adv. 66 



Rhea, a?, f. 137 rem. 3 

Ripa, 93, f. 95 Scythes, is, m. 116 

Robustus, a, um, 71 rem. 3 

Rogo, v. act. 93 Scy thicus, a, um, 

Roma, 83 ; f. 39 116 

Romanus,a, um, 116 i, m. 116 

- i. m. 116 rem. 3 

rem. 3 Se, pron. 106 

Rosa, je, f. 113 Secundus, a, um, 86 

Rotundas, a, um,67 Secus, adv. 82 
Ruber, bra, brum, Sed, conj. 10, 110 



Sodalis, is, c. g. 61 Tantnm, adv. 66 

rem. Tantus, a, um, 102, 
Sol, solis, 79 128 

Solatium, ii, n. 109 Tardus, a, um, 118 

Solatur, v. dep. act. Tarquinius, a, um. 

129 m. Ill 

Solidus, a, um, 118 Te, pron. 106 

Solomon, onis, m. Tellus, uris, f. 53 



71 

Rufus, a, um, 36 

Saccbarum, i, n. 7 
Sacerdos, otis, e.g. 

113 
Sacrus, a, um, 123 
Saepe, adv. 12 
Soepius, adv. 12 
Ssevus, a, um, 118 
Sagax, acis, adj. 97 
Sagitta, 83, f. 131 



Sedulus, a, um, 71 
Seges, Stis, f. 95 
Segesta, 83, f. Ill 
Segnis, e, 91 



121 

Solon, onis, 111 
Solum, i, n. 53 rem. 
adv. 66 



Temere, adv. 
Temperans, tig. adj. 

62 
Temperatus, a, um, 

132 
Temperies, ei, f. 33 
Templum, i, n. 113 
Tempus, oris, n. 75 



Solus, a, um, 51 
Somnus, i, m. 134 
Soror, oris, f.3 
Semel, adv. 108 rem. Spes, ei, f. 47 
Semiramis, idis, f. Splendidus, a, um, Tener, era, erum, 

99 35 123 

Semper, adv. 12 Sponda, ae, f. 16 Ter, adv. 58 
Senectus, utis, f. 85 Stagnans, tis, adj. Terra, se, f. 53 rem 
Senex, is, or ids, 65 

c. g. 24 Stannum, i, n. 131 

lj.62 Statim, adv. 108 



Saltus,us, or i, m. 11 Sententia, 83, f. 79 Sterilis, e, 40 



Tertius, a, um, 51 
Testis, is, c. g. 25 
Testudo, dlnis, f. 
131 



Sal uber, bris, bre, 

107 
Salubriter, act. 8S 
Sal us, Otis, f. 134 
Salutaris, e, 59 



Serenus, a, um, 35 Strenuus, a, um, 132 Teter, tra, trum, 86 
Sermo, onis, m. 119 Struthiocamelus, i, Theatrum,i, n. 119 



Serpens, tis, c. g. 83 m. 31 
Serva, 83, f. 32 Studium, ii, n. 75 

Servire, v^neut. 84 Stultum, i, n. 109 
Sal ve, verb & inter. Servitus, utis, f. 125 rem. 
130 rem. Servus, i, m. 32 Stultus, a, um, 67 

Salvus, a, um, 86 Severitas, atis, f. 69 i, m. 109 rem. 

Sanctus, a, um, 105 Severus, a, um, 15, Suavis, e, 68 
Sanus, a, um, 30 68 rem. Sublimis, e, 73 

Sapiens, tis, adj. 72 Si, conj. 10 Subvertit, v. act. 

Sapientia, se, f. 103 — non,conj.H2rem. 129 



Sat, adv. 58 
Satin, adv. 94 rem. 
Satis, adv. 58 
Saxum, i, n. 77 
Scamnum, i, n. 5 
Scelestus, a, um, 80 
Scelus, Cris, n. 64 
Scientia, 83, f. 109 
Scio, v. act. 92 
Scire, v. act. 84 
Scis, v. act. 92 
Scit, v. act. 92 



Sic, adv. 66, 128 
Sicilia, 83, f. 99 
Sicilianus, a, um, 

116 
i, m. 116 

rem. 3 
Signum, i, n. 64 
Similis, e, 91 
Simplex, icis, adj. 

97 
Simulacrum, i, n. 

€4 



Sulcus, i, m. 85 
Sum, v. sub. 90 



Thebanus, a, um, 

116 
i, m. 116 

rem. 3 
Themistocles, is, m. 

99 
Thesaurus, i, m. 79 
Tibi, pron. 115, 131 

rem. 
Tigris, is, or idis, f. 

113 
Timidus, a, um, 105 



Superbus, a, um, 89 Timotheus,i, m. 127 1 
Supplicium, ii, n.64 Titus, i, m. 127 
Suspectus, a, um, Toga, 83, f. 109 

105 Totus, a, um, 42 

Suus, a, um, 20, 131 Tradum, v. act. 129 |l 

rem. Tranquillus, a, um, n 

Sylvester, tris, tre, 98 

107 Tristis, e, 59 

Syracusae, arum, f. Troja, 83, f. 1 11 

plu. Ill Trojamis, a, um, 1 18 1 



zxirs index. 



125 



Trojanus, i. in. 116 

rem. 3 
Tu, proii. 3S 
Tullus, i, in. 127 
Turn, conj. 112 
Tunc, adv. 100 
Turnus, i. m.127 
Turpis, e, 44 
Turpi tudo, dinis, 

f.119 

Ubi, adv. 54 
Ubicunque, adv. 58 
Ubinam ? adv. 134 
Ubique, adv. 5S 
Ulvsses, is, m. Ill 
Umbra, se, f. 109 
Urnbrosus, a, um, 

105 
Unguentum, i. n. 

103 
Unicus, a, um, 51 
Universus,a, um, 42 
Unquam, adv. 58 
XJnus, a, um, 51 
Urbanus, a, um, 135 
Urbs, urbis, f. 39 
Usquam, adv. 58 
Ut,conj. 74,129 

rem. 
liter, tra, trum, 60 
Utilis, e, 40 
Utinam, adv. 103 
Utpote, adv. 54 
Utrum, adv. 82 
Uva, ae, f. 103 
Uxor, oris, f. 41 

Valde, adv, 54 
^ale, v. and interj. 
-30 rem. 



Valetudo, dinis, f. 

113 
Validus, a, um, 132 
Vallis, is, f. 113 
Vallum, i, n. 113 
Ve, conj. 74 
Vecors, dis, adj. 62 
Vectigal, alis, n. SI 
Vehemens, tis, adj. 

72 
Vel, conj. 10, 74 
Velociter, adv. 83 
Velox, ocis, adj. 62 
Velum, i, n. 134 
Venerabilis, e, 73 
Veneticus, a, um, 

116 
Veni, v. nen.t. 114 
Venia, as, f. 57 
Venio, v, neut. 114 
Venis, v. neut. 114 
Venisti, v. neut. 

114 
Venit, v. neut. 114 
Ventus, i, m. 21 
Venustus, a, um,49 
Ver, veris, n. 85 
Verbum, i, n. 77 
Vere, adv. 108 
Verecundia, 83, f. 81 
Veritas, atis, f. 43 
Vero, adv. and conj. 

108, 110 
Verres, is, m. Ill 
Versutus, a, um, 105 
Verum, i, n. 85 

, conj. 110 

Verus, a, um, 67 
Vespasianus, i, m. 

121 
Vesta, 83, f. 127 



Vestalis, e, 68 
Vester, tra, trum, 

26, 131 rem. 
Vestis, is, f. 77 
Vetustas, atis, 109 
Via, 83, f. 11 
Vicinus, i, m. 85 
Vicissitudo, dinis, 

f. 125 
Victoria, as, f. 27 
Victus, a, um, 67 
Video, v. act. 92 
Videre, v. act. 84 
Vides, v. act. 92 
Videt, v. act. 92 
Videtur, v. pass. & 

impers. 114 
Vilis, e. 91 
Villa, 83, f. 131 
Vinclum, i, n. 103 

rem. 
Viuctus, a, um, 118 
Vinculum, i, n. 103 
Vinum, i, n, 1 
Violens, tis, adj. 97 
Vir, viri, m. 25 
■Virga, «, f. 103 
Virgilius, ii, m. 99 
Virgo, virginis, f. 

125 
Viridis, e, 91 
Virtus, titis, f. 34 
Vis, gen. vis, ace. 

vim, dat. and abl. 

Ti;nom.plu. vires 

or vis, gen. plu, 

virium, dat. plu. 

viribus, f. 75 
Vis, verb neut. pas. 

104 
Vita, m, f. 11 



Vitiosus, a, um, 51 
Vitium, ii, n. 33 

rem. 
Vito, v. act. 93 
Vitrum, i, neut, 95 
Vituperandus, a, 

um, 102 
Vivere, v. neut. 101 
Vobis, pron. 115, 

131 rem. 
Volebam, v. neut. 

pass. 104 
Volebas, v. neut. 

pass. 104 
Volebat, v. neut. 

pass. 104 
Volo, v. neut. pass. 

104 
Volucer, cris, ere, 

107 
Volucris, is, f. 83 

rem. 
Voluntas, atis, f. 

119 
Voluptarius, a, um, 

118 
Voluptas, atis, f. 79 
Vos, pron. 38 
Vox, vocis, f. 63 
Vulgus, gi, m. or n. 

87 
Vulnus, eris, n. 113 
Vulpes, is, f. 31 

Xantippe, es, f. 99 
Xenopbon, ontis,m 

121 
Xerxes, is, m. 99 

Zaleucus, i, m. 127 
Zepbyrus, i, m.2J. 



GRAMMATICAL INDEX. 



The Numbers refer to the Exercises, 

Nouns, gender 

, compounds 

i rendered by Zat\ 



, signifying position 

Adjectives, of one termination . ; 

, of two terminations 

, of three terminations . 

■ , of two or three terminations 

, agreement 

■ ■ , used substantively 

, derivations from names of places 

Pronouns, possessives 

-. , relative 

, personals 

, interrogatives , 

Verbs, infinitive mood 

• , construction of tenses 

, participle in dus 

, equivalent of participle in ing 

, agreement 

Adverbs, formation . 

, construction . » 

Conjunctions, equivalents of that 

, equivalents of but 

— ■ , equivalents of and . • 

- — , construction 
Interjections 
Construction of negations . 

of interrogations 

of replies to questions . 

Enclitics . 

Abbreviations 

Emphatic or intensitive particles 

Interrogative particles 

Order of words in Latin sentence 

Words usually omitted 



not to the Pages, 

(Rem.) 

(Rem. 2) 

(Rem.) 

(Rem. 4) 

(Rem.) 

(Rem.) 

(Rem.) 

(Rem.) 

. (Rem. 2) 

(Rem. 1) 

. (Rem. 2) 

(Rems. 2 & 6) 

. (Rem. 2) 

(Rem.) 

. (Rem. 1) 

(Rem.) 

(Rem. 1) 
. (Rem. 1) 

(Rem. 2) 
(Rem.) 

(Rem. 2) 
(Rem.) 
(Rem.) 
(Rem,) 

(Rem. 5) 

(Rem. 2) 

. (Rem. 1) 

(Rem. 2) 

(Rem.) 
(Rem. 3) 

(Rem.) 

. (Rem. 2) 
(Rem. 4) 



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